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Copyright N? l_^J_3 

CDFffilGHT DEPOSIT 



Chas. H. Potter & Co. 

INCORPORATED 

431 ELEVENTH ST..N.W. 
Washington, D. C. 

Printers Bookbinders 



BEERS SHORTHAND 



A SYSTEM OF LIGHT LINE PHONOGRAPHY 

ADAPTED TO EVERY PURPOSE FOR WHICH 

SHORTHAND CAN BE USED 



By 
JAMES W. BEERS 

I! 




New and Improved Edition 

(Eleventh Issue) 



THE BEERS SHORTHAND COMPANY 
NEW YORK 






Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1908 by 

J. W. BEERS, 
in the Office of Librarian of Congress at Washington, D. C. 

Entered at Stationers' Hall, London. 



Interim Copyright Registered at Ottawa According to 
Act of the Parliament of Canada, in the Year 1908 by 
J. W. BEERS, at the Department of Agriculture. 



Registered with the Minister of the Interior, France. 



Registered with the Ministry of the Interior, Spain and also other 
Countries Subscribing to the Berne Convention. 



Copyright, 1919, by James W. Beers. 

NOV 18.919 

©CI.A535757 



FOREWORD— AN EXPLANATION 

The system of shorthand presented in this book 
is the result of more than thirty-five years' investi- 
gation, study and practice by the author. It was 
first published in 1908. In less than five years from 
that time nine editions* of the Text were published, 
and it was more widely taught, more extensively 
used, and more favorably known than any other sys- 
tem at the same age.t 

Its future appeared very bright and enlarged 
plans were developing for its dissemination and for 
the creation of a very extensive shorthand literature. 
Then came a series of events that, to me, spelled ca- 
lamity — the illness and death of my father, the fail- 
ure of the bank in which my funds were placed, le- 
gal entanglements of no interest to the public, and 
the break- down of my health. 

I had to cease operations — drop Beers Short- 
hand utterly. I had spent the best years of my life 
in developing the system. I knew what it is — that 
it does excel, and to have to lay it aside, perhaps for- 
ever, was a cruel blow. 

But a kind Providence has decreed otherwise. Aft- 
er these years of battling against things over which 
I had no control, the skies have cleared, and I am 
again in working harness, full of vigor and determi- 
nation, with no one now to endeavor to dictate to me 
how this product of my brain shall be handled. I am 
indeed thankful. 

iii 



iv Beers Shorthand 

When I look back over those lost years and recall 
the letters received from loyal friends of the system 
— letters begging to know what was the matter — let- 
ters urgently calling for books — letters whi3h I could 
not answer and orders which I could not fill — that's 
the bitterest part of all — my apparent neglect of 
those splendid men and women who were standing 
back of me with such an abiding faith in the system. 
But now all may be explained. 

This may sound like a strange preface — it is an un- 
usual preface. It seems to be the custom of authors 
to devote their prefatory pages to telling the public 
how brilliant are their (the authors') achievements. 
Temperaments differ — and so do shorthand systems. 

Beers Shorthand lies before you. As you scan 
its pages you will appreciate its simplicity; as you 
practice its outlines you will realize its wonderful 
facility; as you read the engraved sections you will 
be impressed with its transcendent legibility, and 
will give it that measure of praise which is not seem- 
ly for me to utter. 

James W. Beers. 

Leonia, New Jersey, April 10, 1918. 



*Each of these editions was a complete, bound Text, not 
merely bound pamphlets that some publishers designate 
as "editions." 

fAs a matter of fact the system was being- taught more ex- 
tensively than some competing systems that had been on 
the market and actively advocated for more than thirty 
years, and backed by many times the capital. 



CONTENTS 

Foreword— An Explanation iii 

Introduction , vii 

First Lesson— K, G, R, L, N, M, T, D, A, E, 1 1 

Rules for Joining' the Circle — Phrasing- 

Second Lesson— P, B, F, V, Ch, J, Ng, Nk 7 

S-Z— How to Join S — Indistinct T Omitted 

Third Lesson— W, Wh, Kw (Q) 13 

S-Hook— Ses-Sis-Sus — Contractions 

Fourth Lesson— O, U 19 

Omission of O and U — Diacritics Inserted 

Fifth Lesson— Th, Sh, Y, H 25 

Prefixes and Terminations 

Sixth Lesson— Diphthongs . 31 

Concurrent Vowels — Omission of Vowels 

Seventh Lesson— Combined Consonants 37 

End-t, Dem, Der, Del, Ten, Etc. 

Tif-v, Def-v, Bend-t, Etc. — Repeated Strokes 

Eighth Lesson— Modes of Expressing- R 43 

Skr, Sp — Omission of R — Business Phrases 

Ninth Lesson— Compounds 49 

Tr Implied — Ble, Pie, Cle, Aggra, Appr, Etc. 

Tenth Lesson — Modes of Expressing T — The Loop 55 

The Loop in Phrasing — Derivatives 
T Omitted— Past Tense 
v 



vi Beers Shorthand 

Eleventh Lesson— Lengthened Signs 61 

Com-n — Contr — Elevated Word-Signs 

Twelfth Lesson— Natural Abbreviations 67 

Omission of Consonants and Endings 

Thirteenth Lesson— Prefix Syllables 73 

Fourteenth Lesson— Compound Prefixes 79 

Word-Signs as Prefixes and Affixes 
Com-n Preceded by Other Syllables 

Fifteenth Lesson — Terminations 85 

-lity, -rity, -mlty, -nity, -vity, ernity 
Graph — -city, -stic — Logy — Ulate, Etc. 
Ness, Less, Bleness — Soever — Fication 

Sixteenth Lesson— Terminations, Concluded 91 

Litic, Matic, Etc.— Ment— Hood— Cial 
Ship— Tude—Cious— Endings of Cities 

Seventeenth Lesson — Phrasing 97 

Grammatical Rules — Modified Forms 
From — to — Omitted — Phrasing how 

Eighteenth Lesson— Advanced Phrasing 103 

Omission of Words — Superlengths 
Intersections — Special Phrases 

Nineteenth Lesson— Concluding Instructions 109 

Numerals — Quantitative Words 
Distinctions- -Plurals— St. , Ave. 
Days — Months — Miscellany 

Supplementary Lesson— General Exercise 115 

States and Colonies — Great Cities 



INTRODUCTION 



To the Student 

If you were starting in to learn any other system 
of shorthand your task would be difficult. You would 
find the unwieldy geometrical forms of any Pitman- 
ic system, or the awkward combinations of other 
light line systems very hard things to master. You 
would find the obtuse angle, which abounds in all 
systems except this system, a continuous source 
of annoyance and illegibility. You would find that 
the light and heavy lines and from three to five posi- 
tions of some systems lead to endless confusion. 

You are about to learn a system having none of 
those defects; a system written forw T ard and in one 
position the same as longhand, with the same manual 
movement as longhand. You will take great delight 
in writing its graceful, flowing outlines, and will re- 
solve to practice them until you can write them as 
beautifully as the author did when he wrote the il- 
lustrations for this book. They were photographic- 
ally reproduced. With practice you can do it better 
than he, for you are much younger and your nerves 
are under better control. Aim to excel him! 

Shorthand is written phonetically; that is, only the 
sounds distinctly heard when a word is spoken are 
recorded in the outline. An "outline" is a sign, or 
combination of signs, that expresses a word. 

To illustrate: to record, in shorthand, the word 
deck, we write only d-e-k, omitting the c, which is not 



Vll 



viii Beers Shorthand 

articulated in this word. For gem we write j-e-m, for, 
in this case, g takes the soft sound — the sound of j. 
For gun, or for log, we write the g-sign (pronounced 
gay) — the sign that represents the hard sound of g. 

All silent letters are omitted, as the e in mate, one 
t in bitter, one s in vessel. We have no character for 
c. When it takes the soft sound, as in city, s is writ- 
ten, and when it takes the hard sound, as in cotton, 
recover, the sign for 7c is written. 

We have no sign for x, as this letter is a combina- 
tion of k and s. Note that b-o-Jc-s spells "box" as cer- 
tainly as does b-o-x. .F expresses gh in such words as 
rough; through is written thru; ache is ak. 

Through all your study of shorthand keep con- 
stantly in mind that the two main factors of success 
are — 

Practicing each outline hundreds of times, and 

Reading everything you write— read it often. 

The next page is inviting you. It will place you on 
the First Round of the Ladder to Success. Suc- 
ceeding pages, leading to Higher Rounds, can be 
turned by you only. Success depends upon YOU. 



FIRST LESSON 



THE ALPHABET 

§ 1. The consonant signs are of three different 
lengths known as full-lengths, half-lengths, and ticks. 
Those given below are half-lengths and full-lengths, 
written forward; T and D slanting upward: 



K G R L N ML T D 

The sign for G is called gay — the hard sound heard in get, tag. 

§ 2. The Vowels A, E, and I are expressed by cir- 
cles — the a-group by a large circle; the e-^-group by 
a very small circle: 

a * 

a c or i 

The long sounds of these vowels may be distin- 
guished from the short sounds by little marks called 
"precision marks." It is not often necessary to em- 
ploy them, but occasionally they are needed when 
writing peculiar proper names or unusual words, and 
for that reason you should become familiar with them: 

Kyle > e^ Marr 

Kelly v P-" Matt 

Note— Make the circle very small for e and i, and quite 

large for a. 

1 







2 Beers Shorthand 

§ 3. HOW TO JOIN THE CIRCLES 

1. When a circle begins or ends an outline it is 
written — (a) on straight signs with the forward mo- 
tion, the direction in which the hands of a clock 
move; in other words, on the under side of the above 
straight signs. (&) Turn it on the inside of curves: 

me, my £? >» ail, ale o — ache 

Q— ^ aim 

2. Between curves struck in opposite directions, 
which unite without an angle, turn the circle on the 
back of the first curve. Omit the vowel in mail, rain 
and ran: 

. h*__^ limb ' "*— ' lean ^ N . mail 

^ c? N kneel ^___-*r-b merry --^ — . rain, ran 

3. (a) Between straight signs which unite without 
an angle, turn the circle on the first stroke as if no 
other sign were to follow, (b) Between a curve and 
a straight sign which unite without an angle, turn 
the circle on the inside of the curve: 



keg ^j3~-^"^ need v_p-*" net 

tied ^^^ dally v^__£>"'^mad 

cake ^*T tile s^%~~ tire 



Beers Shorthand 



4. In any other combination, the circle is turned 
on the outside of the angle: 






§ 4. Word-Signs.— About one-half of all English 
composition is made up of a few words used over and 
over. By providing brief forms for such words a high- 
speed factor is introduced. Such signs are termed 
"word-signs." They must be practiced until you are 
■perfectly familiar with them. The first list follows: 



are, hour 




do, date 


s* 


it, to 


as, has 




- go, good 




<-' am, more 


come 


, , 


in, no, know 




today 



— o came o I, is ^- s will, letter 

Rem. When any sign is used to indicate more than one 
word, the words are such as can not be read, one for the other, 
and yet retain the sense of the sentence. 

§ 5. Tick Word-Signs.— The following words, 
of very frequent occurrence, are indicated by mi- 
nute dashes, called "ticks," thus: 

a, an and he, the 

Rem. 1. The sign for he or the is usually made downward. 



Beers Shorthand 



Rem. 2. Sometimes _ may be written for and, in phrasing 
(see next page), and i may be written for a-n, in phrasing. 



Additional Exercise 

Note — All exercises should be practiced until every word 
in them can be written without a particle of hesitation. 




<^f^ eighty 

etiquette ^^\ team 

ticket 

*Place an inverted caret under outlines for proper names. 



Beers Shorthand 5 

§ 6, Phrasing.— Speed is increased by joining 
the outlines of two or more words. Never phrase 
outlines that do not join easily, nor when the words 
are not closely connected in sense. Do not phrase 
proper names, nor words seldom heard. 






in our 




Note — When a tick-sign is joined to any sign other than a 
circle, an angle must appear where the signs unite. The sign 
for to is used only in phrase writing. See bottom of page 21. 

Rem. The sign for a-n is usually joined at the beginning 
of a phrase while the is usually joined at the end of a phrase, 
thereby avoiding a possibility of conflict if such distinction 
is not observed and the slant should vary. 



§ 7. Punctuation. — Punctuation marks are prac- 
tically the same as in ordinary writing. For sake 



6 Beers Shorthand 

of distinction, the following marks are varied in form 

dash hyphen interrogation exclamation parentheses paragraph 



Writing Exercise 

Note— Words connected by a hyphen should be phrased. 

1. We-may gain in-our attack and-it-may rally the team. 

2. We lack a key to-the attic. 

3. The wreck is-in-the lake and-may leak. 

4. We-will attack the enemy at Lisle today. 

5. Maggie came in-the leaky wreck. 

6. We-may-go and guide Ned in-the lake. 

7. It-is as-good-as we-may do. 

8. The tame cat came in-the mail and ate the rat. 

9. The needy men made a racket at the gate in the night. 



Reading Exercise 



<r~r^> • 



^ 



qs 



<r- , 



<*_ a— _— *p 



SECOND LESSON 



THE ALPHABET— Continued 

§ 8. Consonants.— The following signs are half- 
lengths and full-lengths, written downward: 

/ / j J <■ C < \ 

P B F V Ch J Ng Nk 

Rem. Ch is called chay, not see-aitch. 

§ 9. Join the circle to the above signs in the same 
manner in which it is turned on the signs given in 
the preceding lesson. Note carefully the application 
of the rules given under § 3: 

Rule 7— q 

Clock motion: /ape c/ pay ^^% inky 

r , C 

Inside curves: ( each / if edge 

c/ fee C?l Eva C itchy 



/. 



Rule 2— / fetch Q chief H Java 

Rule 3— y pipe . » life tf "&) alive 

y bib. ^ chin L ' gem 

Rule 4— /> gab _p cap .9 niche 

cave A pitch ^J jig 



^ fear </^ j 



jet / back 

Rem. Such combinations as B-M, R-P, if made theoretical- 
ly exact should come under Rule 4, but ease and beauty of 

7 



8 Beers Shorthand 

writing' require that we regard them as blended combinations; 
consequently we turn the circle on the inside of the curves: 

Q ^ balm 4 -" beam Q___^ palm ^-a reap ^ — a' leap 

§ 10. The term "circle" is used only for conven- 
ience of expression; it usually is elliptical in shape. 
In some combinations it is a pronounced loop: 

^-"/ dip <y^" paid -y^ catch 

teach 





§ 11. Position of Outlines.— Thelower portion of 
the first stroke should rest on the line. If the first 
sign is a tick or a circle, place the outline so that the 
second sign rests on the line: 



1: 

wrap rate peak magpie lady fib engage 

Rem. Ruled paper is not necessary, but by using- it, or at 
least following an imaginary line, greater speed will be at- 
tained than by writing in an unlineal manner. 

§ 12. Omit the vowels in — 

I- — <, bill d- check * near, nor ^^ duty 



did 



S AND Z 



§ 13. Two signs are provided for S — a right-hand 
sign like a comma, and called "comma-s," and a left- 
hand sign like a minute Ch, called the "left s. n 



Beers Shorthand 9 

§ 14. How to Join S.— 1. When joining S to a 
straight sign use* the form that gives a sharp angle. 
The intervention of a circle does not nullify this rule: 



— sg ^ st . c ^__ seek 

— sag (= ^^ seat 
-r gs ^ sng 



-^ gas c ^- sing 




2. When joining S to a curve use the form that re- 
quires the same pen movement that is required to 
make the curve-stroke. The intervention of a circle 
does not nullify this rule: 

<L~r sns . sf > ^ s! 

Cp safe 

s — f ms y fs 

*■ f miss <y face 

Note— When S comes between signs formed by reverse move- 
ments the preceding* rules conflict. In such cases write the S 
that coincides in movement with the movement of the vowel. 

raisin missile nasal /passage 

Rem. Omit obscure vowels; see "raisin." Write J for the syllable "age" un- 
less preceded by P or B. In such cases write aJ. 

4. When S is the only consonant in a word use the 
right-hand sign: 




d 


J 


? 


e? 


c? 


>? 


say 


see 


ease 


easy 


essay 


assize 



10 



Beers Shorthand 



5. The S-sign is used for Z also. When necessary 
to make a distinction make the sign heavy for Z: 



^— a race 
^-^ raze, rays 
£*~ zest 



/ 



about 

advantage 
%^ after 

v p any 

/ be, been 



cause, 
because 



has been 
it has been 
C which is 




seal 
zeal 
xylite 



o-L^^ sink 
cJL. zink 
y Ziska 



Word-Signs 



desire, 
Dear Sir: 

ever-y 
f* except 
Cr favor 
o/ first 
/ for, form 



-oget 



^ — satisfactory, 
satisfy 

have, very J saw 



— o kind C so, was 

O make ^^^^take-n 

^-O name "^ thing, think 

^^ receipt ( which 

change 




Phrases 

I will go 



I will have 
I will do 



I may go 
I may be 
£ 2 - <=>! may get 



Rem. When phrasing say or see either S may be written: 



W 



may say 



o? 



I say 



*--* 



I do say 



-~e 



may see 



Beers Shorthand 
Additional Exercise 



11 




rave 



J- 



2- ask 



bask 



9> 



fag 



jag 



«^-r check 
c/— beak 

9^ efface 

sale 
case 



sake 

says 

nap 

enamel 

meek 

anaemic 




-f guess 



NOTE--Pay especial attention to the outlines for "baggage and package. 



12 Beers Shorthand 

§ 15. T, when indistinctly sounded, may be omitted: 

^ — act ^/— effect -■— £=* last CX* adapt 

^ Z— fact <= ^i — affect, Q/ past (J^^ ^ adopt 

***f test ^ "^ elecjf * — a . rest (# Egypt 

Cf* attest <J- ^ — select </ best c/ fast 



Writing Exercise 

Dear Sir: I-will leave Paris in about ten days and-will-go 
to-see the big* fight our army will-make. I-know our men are 
the best and will-lick the enemy if he-is in sight. If in Egypt 
get beef, meal and tea for-the army. It may-come by-rai 1 . I- 
wlll-go by vesse! to Calais [Ka-La] and by-rail to Nancy and 
Sedan. After our men make the fight it will-be safe to-live in 
Alsace in-the days to-come. 



Reading Exercise 



s 



v__^ 



TT 



J 



-n. 




THIRD LESSON 



THE ALPHABET— Continued 

§ 17, The following are half-lengths, and full- 
lengths, written downward: 

^ or^ ^ ^S 

W Wh Kw (q) 

§ 18. 1. WhenW is to be joined to a straight sign 
use the sign that will join at a sharp angle. The in- 
tervention of a circle does not nullify this rule. 



^y wp ~"^ wg jr 

^y? WCCp "^ Wig ^ 



wait 
wag 
^V wt V web ^-% wing 

~~^y wit ~^weed ~^/^wade 

2. When joining W to a curve use the sign that re- 
quires the same movement that is required to form 
the curve to which W is to be joined. The interven- 
tion of a circle does not nullify this rule: 

£^ wave 
V_$_j? Winnie 





wire 




Note. Particular attention must be given to the principle 
underlying- the above rules, the first being for the purpose of 

13 



14 Beers Shorthand 

securing sharp angles; the second for securing uniformity of 
movement. Other duplicate curves will be given later, to 
which these rules shall also apply. 

§ 19. The letters qu in print express the sound of 
Jew. Pronounce k-w-i-k and you will see the analogy. 

^-a whig J~-^ queer ^^7^ whip 

whim ^ ■> quail d quip 

whine ^- , quell ^J quack 



whet j< quid <A_^ queen 




THE S-HOOK 

§ 20. 1. S is joined to the consonants given be- 
low as a large initial hook. When a distinct vowel 
follows s write the tick-sign for S: 

c^ ST o-^'SD 

^- SW ) SKw 

smack 






civic 



squeal 

Note- -Little if anything is gained by writing the hook form for S at the be- 
ginning of R or L. Some will prefer the hook; others the alphabetic form. 

2. S is joined at the end of any straight stroke 
by turning a large hook on either side of the 



Beers Shorthand 15 

stroke, and to any curved stroke by turning a large 
hook on the inside of the curve. When a distinct 
vowel precedes, write the tick-sign for S: 

snags ^ ^ sales -p riches 

matches 





steeds j^^ ^ avails &?~~> affairs 

Note--Theoretically S could be made as a hook on the end of F or V, but it is 
more tedious to make the hook than to write the comma-s. 

§ 21. The vowel in the following words is omitted: 

C— ^ son, soon C f sense, since — -. goes, goods C — success 

C ^ seem, some < ^—^t senses ^^^ does *— -r successes 



SES, SIS, SUS 

§ 22. Writing either S-sign without slant and 
lengthening it slightly, expresses ses, sis, or sus. 
The choice of sign is governed by the rules that 
apply to S. Plurals formed by changing sis to ses are 
expressed by placing the e-precision mark near by: 



assess 



assesses 



o/ y pieces ^n races (^ 

basis ^ £k leases r 

bases — n cases ^f teases 

§ 23. Omit t from the syllable sist Lengthen this 
sign to express str as in master or stream: 



^ assist * — ^ insist o/ faster Kl_^ 

' — *\ resist ^^ * desist ^~ I teamster ^Z — 



strain 
strike 



16 



Beers Shorthand 



Word-Signs 



/ 



/ 



allow-ance 

average 

business 

consist-ent 

consistency 

differ-ence-t 

hope, up 

instant 



just 

;> least 

. Z> most 

. ^ must 

Is possible-ility 

y 

/ n serve, service 

</ several 



v^ 



ward 



> want, we 
V. way, we 
a — week 
^^ well, went 
^-^ were 
&-^ where 

when 

while 



Note that either of the signs for W may be written to express "we." 



I have 
Q I hope 
Q-_ ./> when is the 



en*' 



where is the 



where are 




24. Omit the vowels in the following syllables 



£ pose < 
7 impose 



sum-e, s-m 
resume 




Beers Shorthand 



17 



§ 25. Contracted Outlines.— A contracted out- 
line is one requiring more than one consonant stroke 
for its formation, and which presents an imperfect 
representation of the word, such as the following: 



L 



began 



Z 



_ begin-ning 
— 7^2 capable-bility 
^ dignify, dignity 



institute 

govern-ment 
'/^ part 
Z peculiar-ity 



perfect 
refer-ence 



^ sat 

^"^ sateen 

^*f touches 

— -^ teaches 



Additional Exercise 

nS? catches 




9 

^-^ regular-ity 

' — J represent 



y^> switches 
^^U ditches 



•/ 



i 



dazes 

passes 

secede 

next 
access 
sneezes 
suffices 
ceases 




^ guesses 




^ — » Caesar 



vices 



small 



means 



18 



Beers Shorthand 



wide 



wine 



waif 
^2— ' wane 



weave 



^-C-__P whinny 

~^\ Quay 

\^ quire 

~*y** witty 




^ — quake 
O quaff 
^ — *__ quirk 
^-^> why 

~^ ^ waylay 

^--^ — "—^ wheel 
^^ wipe 
^~s^^^ wink 
^ & weary 




s f> <3* 



-7 



Tii 



c-^ o 



U^ <^ 



trr* 



FOURTH LESSON 



THE O-HOOK THE U-HOOK 

§ 26. The upper portion of a very small ellipse 
expresses o or aiv, and the lower portion expresses u: 

v \ y 7 ^) o, aw J^'u 

Note that o is made with the forward motion and that u is 
made with the reverse, or backward motion. 

§ 27. HOW TO WRITE O AND U 

1. After K, G, N, and M, and before and after R, 
and L, o is turned on its side so as to form a hook: 

^ — a — lock 

^ -a law 

row v — 7-^^ Maude. <r ~~23' ''oral 

- — a wrong . *_^loan * — a — o rocky 

2 U is turned on the upper side of N, M, and Ng-k, 
at the beginning or end. Also, at the end, on the 
upper side of T, D, K, G, and left-W: 

<i -^^'unpaid c — i^ unwise 

<■ — •J unfair < -/ umpire 

— * cud ^^ tug 

^ * muck r — * ^null 

19 






20 



Beers Shorthand 



3. When o is preceded or followed by P, B, Ch, J, 
N, or M, or is preceded by W, the u-siga is used for o: 



on, own 



honest 



omit 



omen 



c 




note 


f chop 


obey 


w^nod 


job 


y fob 


knock 


^^od 



John ^j — walk 

7 opaque A^ optic 

4. Between signs o and u may point in any direc- 
tion so as to form a hook, writing o with the forward 
movement; u with the reverse or backward motion: 



talk 



tuck 



tone 



ton 




roan 



ruin' 



mud 



mode 



-loam 



-loom 



lunch 



launch 



5. Between signs, when either o or u does not join 
as a hook, it is omitted. 

Note — The fact that the circle vowels are nearly always 
written and that in most cases either o or u joins easily as a 
hook makes it clear that the outline without the vowel is as 
legible as the one containing the vowel. Observe and prac- 
tice the following sets of words having the same consonants: 



lock 
luck 
lack 
lick 



rogue 
.rug 
•rag 
rig 



moon 



moan 



main 



•men 



noon 



nun 



v__ii — nine 
<—£— Nan 
^ . f? match 

v y much 

. — ^^ wrote 
*^2^- route 

-"^" ra * e 
^-^ writ 
d—o packet 
JL-tS picket 
_ / ^ pocket 
love 
leave 
bought 
bat 
^ bet 



Beers Shorthand 

i^~ f ude 

-^''road 



21 



c^i snoop 
cL 7 snap 

- c- /^ sm P 

^ — — fog 

<J- fag 

--^ fig 

v -/^map 

-. 7 mop 



duck 

dock 

foam 

fume 

fame 

bode 

bed 

bad 

smoke 

smack 



Rem. In a few instances o may be substituted for u, es- 
pecially for the oo-sound school: 

c—^- — ^ school s^ 7 to, two, too ""y* roof " — y loose -- ^> Lewis 
Note — When to is not phrased it is written in full as here. 



22 



Beers Shorthand 



6. When o or u begins or ends a word it is always 
written: 



*s^ odd 

s>^ ought 

&—> arrow 

^-^-f k-new 



J J 



few 



view 



ox 



~x" 



widow 



f chew 

t- x, slew 

dew, due 
adieu 



Rem. In words of more than one syllable, initial o may form 
a hook on t or d, as in oddity, autopsy. See audibility, page 88. 

7. If necessary, the long sounds of o and u may 
be distinguished by precision marks, thus: 



' Doe 
-=> Law 




Coate 
Cohn 



Note — The junction between a hook and a following stroke 
is occasionally made easier by inclining the end of the hook 
toward the preceding stroke: 

U^^ bud£ bug 6— xhuck & z> chugs ^r^^pod ^^'potato 



/ 



all 

almost 
already 
altogether 
body, but 



Word-Signs 

done, dollar-s 
— z> gone 
-7n large 



* — ^ necessary, necessity 
^ — ? none 
call, could " of, who is you-r t^* Yours truly 



""""^ order, would 
/ put 

unless 

took 

what 



Beers Shorthand 



23 



Additional Exercise 



c2_-^ enough 
r such 



course 



roar 



£ >pull 

>—& sorry 
2 — soak 

^7 top 

Crf stop 
J- xfaU 

^ — ^feel 



boss 
buss 
-— rVfc| 

2/ loot 

/-> poor 
>^-s four 
^\ woke 




bunch 



£-_ ^ punch 



Z 



sorrow 
rule 
irony- 
evokes 
loss 
losses 
Scott 
war 
awoke 



<7 



24 



Beers Shorthand 



Rem. Where o may form a hook on a following S and on a 
preceding- character it should be written on the preceding- sign: 

S3 



/) 



toss 



tosses 



-"? 



rose 



, loose 



f 



foes 



choose 



Writing Exercise 

1. Lou rode to New Castle on a load of willow poles. 

2. The widow was honest enough to pay back the loan. 

3. The sea foams and rolls near the rocks by the dock. 

4. It will-be necessary to-put-the rude rogue who stole the 
rug, in-the lockup unless the unfair boss pays for it by noon. 

5. I-wish a loan so I-will be-ready to take a course in law. 

6. Your bill is unpaid and must-be paid today. 

7. Go after the men in-the launch and-get wood and-a lunch 
for-the poor but polite widow who lives on-your route. 



Reading Exercise 




<f* 



FIFTH LESSON 



THE ALPHABET— Concluded 
§ 29. The following signs are ticks and a dot: 

r" or ^s / • \ 

Th Sh H Y 

§ 30. Th is written upward. When joined to an- 
other consonant it must unite at an angle: 




thk 


^A- thm 


^* teeth 


thick 


9- "*"" theme 


C^^^^-^Smith 


mth 


SJ thief 


C-P^- snath 


'myth 


^~"2f" wrath 


^7 bath 


athlete 


*^*^ death 


J ^-"them 



§ 31. Th in <5^ that °-^ than is omitted. 

§ 32. H and Y occur only at the beginning of syl 
lables. The H-dot is placed above a following vowel 
Y is joined at an angle with another consonant: 

cT^heat '(f hath & * hill ^= hum 2 hose .. &~^ hair 





^yell 


C37 — hack 


9 


hash 


b- 


yak 


^ yet 


v 


youth 


</ 


hot 


^ ^ yellow 


\ 


ye 


r 


hitch 


<^ * hire 
25 


b 


yea 



26 



Beers Shorthand 



§ 33. Sh is written upward or downward, but 

always at a sharp angle with another consonant: 

shave ^ wish ^ ^> shells 

shove ^-y wash ^^^ dish 

V she —~p cash ^2 — ^ shame 



/ 



cr sheet 



shut 



shock 



§ 34. H may often be omitted, provided a follow- 
ing vowel be written: 



<^~> horse 
<^5 had 

c -^ home 

<r > hole 

9*^ hasty 



/ 



him 
hip 

2 hog 

— v- — . horror 
<>\ hang 



here, hear 
head 
ahead 
behead 
„5>*r^his 




Additional Exercise 




shellac C>- 




Beers Shorthand 27 

wreath -^ shine V J} Y^P ^r_P they 

shake ^^ heavy q/ behalf f7 hatch 



^2— o shaky £7~^) harvest ^r^ shadow ( hedge 

/ sheaf 9^~> shear *#" heath / heap 



§ 35. The syllable ther is expressed thus: 

yAo father •£** hither -^~6° rather ^>? weather 

'mother /^*° thither . ^° gather ~V° wither 



PREFIXES AND TERMINATIONS 

§ 36. Some of the common prefixes and termina- 
tions are now presented so as to enable us to illus- 
trate certain words that otherwise we should have to 
hold over until a later period of the study. 

1. Ex is expressed by es; com and con are ex- 
pressed by a dot placed at the beginning of the next 
character, and ing by a dot placed at the side of the 
preceding character. L is often omitted from ly: 

going 'C__— — *" consume „ — -*- — 5 rarely 

^ £ ? making O .compose a — b early 




excess 



f exchange £ putting y/ conserve dy^b fairly 

2. The m^-dot expresses the syllable thing: 

'. £■ something v__- nothing ^— f anything ^< everything 



28 



Beers Shorthand 



3. Any small sign placed in the position of the 
com-n dot implies com or con; in the position of the 
m^-dot, ing is implied. Omit L from ingly: 



""""^ ' doing the Q /Z ? amazingly 

/P making a-n ) lovingly 

t// putting the ^JZ- — - willingly 



& fallowing it 
j/ I confess 
^S^ to commit 



§ 37, The termination shun (spelled tion, sion, 
cian, etc.) is expressed by Sh. Syllables following 
shun are added as illustrated: 



v_z? nation 
^-J? national 
^—P nations 
/ potion 
action 



section 



Z- ^ pulsation 

cJ^ passionate 



assassination 



secession 




§33. Vowelizing Shun.— Insert a in -cation, -lotion, -nation, 
-ration, -sation, and -elation; e in -ession; i in -lition, -mission, 
-vision; o in -lotion, -rosion; and u in -fusion. In most other 
cases the vowel preceding- shun may be omitted. 



* — f notion 

Q -/ emotion 

c2- — 7 execution 



^J""^ - addition 
C^* station 
/^t partition 



H 



pollution 

ignition 

participation 



39. L may be omitted from the ending al: 

_^egal cxl_P final > ^^^ medal 



Beers Shorthand 



29 



§ 40. The ending self is expressed by S; selves, 
by Ses; ceive, by Se. The prefix self is expressed 
by Se, detached: « 



myself 
himself 



1 themselves 

^""7 ourselves 



^/ selfish cJ<J^ self-conceit 
deceive -^cD receive 



o-' although, 
other 
-x^s another 



S? though, 

those 
<T with 



Word-Signs 

_>- / neither C sure-ly 

c/ shall /^~c>-r^' this 
' either / should f^or^? uiie ir, there 6^ without 

Rem. When this and there are not phrased use the first sign 

Phrases 

cS~* although there 
I desire 
as desired 
any desire 




J%^ is satisfactory 
\<^ we desire 
</rf shall it be 
as we do 



<5^^ edition 
<_^^>> factional 

v — * notation 
cr^ 7 petition 



Additional Exercise 

consumption 
consummation 
reactionary 
incision 




causation 



-75 

c^_j? only 
-Q. ^calmly 



unburn _5> — o thickly 

Rem. To distinguish from "consumption," A is retained in "consummation. 



30 



Beers Shorthand 



g_ J > omission 

& -A elation 

^^/ decision 
**^ Cf deposition 
imposition 
exposition 

^ -^ lotion 

C-^ sensation 
a ^ emotional 



t 



% 




evasion 



eviction 




J, 



illegal 



visitation 



Reading Exercise 



/ 



j> 



o 



L 



o L 




! o 



-e 




<f 



T 



L, 



U-, 



*-£ 4 



J-, 



J> 



SIXTH LESSON 



DIPHTHONGS 

§ 42. 1. A diphthong consists of two vowels that 
are uttered with one impulse of the voice, as the 
sound of u in fury, composed of i and oo. There are 
four pure diphthongs; i in ice, %i in pure, oi in oil, and 
ow in now. The first two owing to their frequent oc- 
currence, have been provided with simple signs. 
The last two being less frequently used, are provid- 
ed with compound signs, thus: 



cS or 2 
oi or oy 



? or f 



ou or ow 



2. The rules for joining these signs to other signs 
are the same as the rules for joining the other vowels: 

-^ toy 



& boy 

LP joy 



^T 



Q-<J> 



noise 



annoy 



*—£> now 


<^_^ ounces 


e how 


^^ pounces 


v-^-c^ noises 


6) house 


p~- — > oils 


^^ wow! 


cA- ;> fowls 


tT^gout 



§ 43. A final consonant following oi or ow is often 
omitted: 



<f> shout ^^^ doubt * — n invoice *- — tP round — ■£> count 
j/ voice ^> power <p ^ found & — #° around ^ £ > account 



31 



32 



Beers Shorthand 



-6 1 gown 
town 



Q-^ 7 announce 
CL^ announces 



down is written <^ to 
distinguish it from doubt 



CONCURRENT VOWELS 

§ 44. 1. When two or more vowels occur consec- 
utively the least distinctly sounded vowel is usually 
omitted. Express ious and similar combinations by os: 

^/^f piteous 




various 



2 



osseous 



idiot 





myriad 



2. Express ia by placing the Y-sign above the 
vowel, or above the vowel place. Any other vowel 
preceding a may be expressed by placing its pre- 
cision mark within the circle: 



£j^ 



pinion 



onion 






Juniata 
Genoa 



(/^ Judea 

^_£2_ Nyack 



3. In most cases, however, where it is necessary 
to record both vowels, they are written in their 
regular order: 



Beers Shorthand 33 




6^^ iota — tf^^ coyote 
poem ^ ^ Leo 



4. Aying, eeing, etc., are expressed by the vowel 
and ing-dot: 



C^ paying o>. seeing ^ ^ lying ^-^ rowing £ ch< 



wing 



5. A circle vowel may be joined to a precision 
ark, or the marks may be united: 

l^^° piety v_y Niobe ^—jz7 ^oab k 




OMISSION OF VOWELS 

§ 45- (a) The vowels in the syllables be, de, re, 
dis and mis are usually omitted: 



beast ^ /^ debate v^___^<^_^rnisguide 
behave ^^ / debase ^ — ^/C? retake 
betake ^ / debauch /. ^ below 





revise <s^ dismisses - — . — -*• renew 

yC^"^ & depot - — * f remiss '~~?l^' reason 

(&) When the insertion of the vowel makes a more 
easily formed outline, or when R is followed by R, 
L, K, or G, the vow r el is retained: 



34 



Beers Shorthand 



— 5 — wreck 
<~-^ — > rear 

*~-2r~o rcla y 





§ 46, A circle vowel is omitted in any combina 
tion of E or L and Ch or J: 



-~> rich, reach 
. ■*, latch 



ledge 



7 



rage 

carnage 

marriage 



t 



peerage 



C-^ cheer 
u — » i< 



jeer 



Note--The foregoing rules embrace only the most important combinations 
from which vowels are omitted. No one has yet been able to formulate rules 
covering all omissions, in any system. Much must be left to the judgment of 
the writer, but, when in doubt about the omission of a vowel, WRITE IT. 



/ 



cP 



£ 



above 

accurate 

appoint-ment 

beyond 

belief, believe 

charge 



J^ citizen 



Word-Signs 



educate-ion 

essential 

general 

happy 

immediate 

machine 

Mr. 



C 

? 



2-~ 


obscure-ity 


/ 


opinion 


<f 


out 




' recognize 


r 


separate-ion 


^o 


state 


7 


usual-ly 



Note— The word "mister" should be written in full— M-I-Ster. 



Beers Shorthand 
Additional Exercise 



35 






Writing Exercise 

1. They -a re very serious and may-call for-the necessary pe- 
tition any-day* 2. Act calmly about it; that-is-the best-thing 
to do. 3. The boy sat in-the-room and wrote a-check for-the 
account of Josiah Lowell. 4. Count the various g-owns when- 
you get-the invoice. 5. He sat in a rocking chair and wrote 
an account of-the debate in-my diary. 6. The pious came 
past Jericho on-their-way to Judea. 7. He-is-capable of do- 
ing the job at-the asylum with the necessary decorum. 8. The 
wreck was just below the depot down by-the local gas house. 
9. Your eviction was in violation of-your legal rights and 
you-should-take action so-as to avoid the possibility of-a 
repetition of-their abuse of power in-your section of-the nation. 



36 



Beers Shorthand 



10. The most essential thing for-you to do is to-get a good- 
job. 11. We-recognize that it-may -be impossible to-make 
the appointment this-week. 12. When every citizen shall- 
have-a good-education this-nation will-be ahead of other- 
nations and- all will-be happy. 13. The new location of-the 
Eighth Ward election booth is-satisfactory to only a few of- 
our best citizens. 14. I-may deceive myself, but I-feel sure 
that I-desire to-see the petition asking for-the partition of-the 
r£ar section. 15. You-shoulJ-keep a diary and make notes 
of-the various affairs in-which-you mediate. 16. There was 
a debate in-the town as to-the reason for revising-the local 
laws. 17. Some have an-idea that we-should affiliate. 



Reading Exercise 




<^ ^ . 



Q 



J & 



O / 



-y'* < ^ 



O) 



t *^? a^ 



f c 




SEVENTH LESSON 



COMBINED CONSONANTS 

§ 48, Each of the following expresses a vowel 
with the consonants. They are written upward: 



End 
or Ent 



Den 
or Ten 



Endr 
or Entr 



Der 
or Ter 




Note the different lengths — half-, full-, and super-lengths. 

§ 49. Their Use. 1. End-t and end(t)er are nev- 
er used when a vowel follows N as in notary. A vow- 
el always precedes, and if it is the short sound of E, 
I, or U it is usually omitted at the beginning of an 
outline. 



The sign for den-ten includes a vowel, but its use 
is restricted to words in which the vowel is short or 
obscure, and to words ending in tain: 



-^ end 


— "* entice 


_- -^yO) endways 


_J^ intent 


— ^ entity 


— s intense 


• — ^ contain 


^■^^ detain 




ponder 



2. Der- ter and del-tel may embrace any short vowel. 
They may be used in the body of an outline without 

37 



38 



Beers Shorthand 



an intervening vowel, as in betroth, sweetly, and in 
outlines of two or more strokes the der-ter sign may 
include any vowel: 



C — £ scatter 
f delay 

( derision 



<5^-~~" attorney 
^ — ^lately 
S^~ idle 



(57 attrition 

betray 



title 



Note This sign is not used for der at the end of a word, as 

in rider. The next lesson embraces this class of words. 

3. Dem-tem may include any short vowel, and may 
express the final syllables teem and deem: 






damages 

tomato 

bottom 

§ 50. The S hook may be made on any of the 
combined consonant signs, at the beginning or end: 

c^S sent, Cent 
C^^ center 

J^ send 
<^ still 
^ — 16* writers 

o^ Sunday 

Observe the difference in the outlines for sent and send. 





Beers Shorthand 



39 



OTHER COMBINED CONSONANTS 

§ 51. T or D, followed by F or V, has a tendency 
to curve outward, forming an elliptical shaped out- 
line. The same is true of B and P when followed by 
end-t, den, etc. As there is no danger of conflict with 
other combinations this tendency need not be resist- 
ed, and short e and i are omitted, giving us the fol- 
lowing blends: 



o O O cJ 



Tif Def 

or Tiv or Div 



defeat 
festive 



Btn 



O 



Ptn Bnd-t Pnd-t 

or Jnd-t or Chnd-t 



c}j 



divide 



edify 



diffusion 
( /^division 





£ 



pageant 

bend 

expend 



§ 52. Repeated Straight Strokes.— 1. Bed, det, 
did and ted are expressed by a long up-stroke. Pop (and 
prep and prop, presented later) by long down- strokes: 






2. In all other instances where a straight sign is 
followed by a like sign, insert the intervening vowel: 



gag, 



tight, 



taught, 



Keokuk, 



/ 

pipe 



40 



Beers Shorthand 



53. The combined signs are employed in forming 
many frequently used phrases, such as the following: 



do not 



f /_ it will be 
C^-^ which do not / J it will have 



I do not 
you do not 
it will 




attention 
automobile 
certain-ty 
deal, dull 
deliver-y 



l^y defy 



devotee 



defend 



diffident* 



devise 



6 / as it 



it will save 
as it will 
it will be 





Additional Exercise 

^&— q ^negative 

( ^k/-? definition 



were 



not 

ime 

to-morrow 
f turn 
-J until 



^?« 




sedative 
impending 
£ — t y punitive 



J- fo y figurative 

legendary 
tangent 
l^> pungent 
^X^diligent 



*See Section 15, page 12. 



Beers Shorthand 



41 



^ 



o^ hand 



wetter 



compend 
intending 
destiny 





elated 



42 



Beers Shorthand 



Writing Exercise 

1. The edifice that-was put-up by Walters is very imposing. 

2. What-was-the motive of-the victorious division in cheer- 
the defeated men at ADtietam? 3. They sent an entire division 
of-the enemy to-the bottom of-the sea. 4. We-will refund the 
total if you settle down to business and cease this strife. 

5. Divide the basket of tomatoes and then come-back for-a 
pail of water for-the cattle. 6. We-will need an extension of- 
time in-which to-pay this bill if-we-do-not get more-cash very 
soon. 7. The disaster at-the rectory was fatal and-it-will de- 
ter the visitors coming to direct affairs in-the near future. 

8. My attorney gave a negative decision. 9. It-may-be readily 
deduced that-the disaster was the effect of-the action of deadly 
gasses. 10. We-see no indication of derision and delusion. 
11. We-do-not-think that-he-will capture the deluded waiter. 



Reading Exercise 





J </ 



^ 



> 



/-. ' ■/ .yd 



EIGHTH LESSON 



MODES OF EXPRESSING R 

§ 55. The Reversed Circle.— 1. At the begin- 
ning and at the end of straight signs the circle is re- 
versed to add r: 

Q— ark / harp p harsh 
— ° car £ par ^ share 
o gear __^ cashier O-^^hard 

2. Between strokes r is implied by turning the cir- 
cle with a movement the reverse of that which adds 
a vowel only, or by attaching a following character 
in any manner contrary to the way it should be 
joined when preceded by a vowel: 

6 — shark 6~i° shirker ^ chart 

£— park fr-^ barn 

(T- bark / „H; 



"arberger ■ 

3. This principle is employed to express ur or or: 

-"~~~^> tiquor ^-^ o rigor ^—p curb 

&• — burn — z-^ curt 

CT bird C ^Z- — o vigor — cr -^ / curtain 

Rem. It should be noted that the circle is reversed to add "or, ur" only 
when the sound of o or u approximates the short sound of e. Therefore the 
outlines for such words as "bore, corridor, torrent," must show the R-stroke. 

43 





44 



Beers Shorthand 



§ 56. Changing the reversed circles to loops adds 
t or cl. A small hook adds s; a small circle adds final y: 



geared 
guard 



/ 



^ gears 
bars 



J> tar 
/ 



barred 



<tf parry 
C 4P cigars 



§57. After a curve the t^-sign expresses er, or, ur, 
and final ure is expressed by u after any sign: 

2j? furnish ^^ teacher c ^Ji ^figure ^__^C^^mature-ity 

injury L stretcher / 




pure 



journey 



summer 



cure 



failure 
secure-ity 



§ 58. Left-hand S written in a variant direction 
expresses sJcr, and the terminals scribe and script. 
Right-hand S written in a variant direction express- 
es sp or sup-p and the terminal sped: 



scream 



y> scrip 

k — -v_ inscribe 



/ j~> appear-ance 
/ arbitrary 
6 better 
^ describe-iption 
Vn© descriptive 



^o 



spell 

speck 

screw 




Word-Signs 

determine-ation 
difficult-y 
f during 

£s establish-ment 

~"d experience 



^-^ respect 

<^ expect-ation 
— ^ inspect-ion 



^ girl 

opportunity 



/ 

/ per cent. 

~> speak, speech 

«— work 



Beers Shorthand 



45 



§ 59. R is 
which persons 

Q^P—o anarchy 
o ^ ^ , affirm 



/ 



birth 



conserve 



omitted from the class of words in 
careless in speech fail to articulate it: 

— 22^jguardian 

infirm 



1m merge 



immerse 






^° thirty 
^j^ worth 




warm 



warn 
worn 



§ 60. The vowel, as well as R, is omitted from — 

^^^ afford — ) cover 

sort courage 

learn 
surplus 
forth, fourth 



*^ assort 
^ further 

^— ^ north 



I 



) 




46 



Beers Shorthand 
Word-Signs 



-^ almighty 

-f destroy, 

destruction 

JD guarantee 



judge ^ — -f> recognition 

mutual-ly y> season 

occupy-ation f^ thousand 



} 61. Of the is implied by closeness of outlines: 



day of the weeE 
time of the day 
J voice of the people 



some of the best 

condition of the market 

3 ^oyour letter of the 3d inst. 



§ 62. Phrases frequently used in correspondence: 



/-? 




F. O. B. 
in answer (to) 
in reply to your favor 
O.K. 
past favors 

upon receipt of your letter 
your recent letter 
I have your letter 
your esteemed favor 
has been received 
Sincerely yours 




heard 
dear 
dare 
hardy- 
herb 
arbor 

a ^eager 

C7 - * acre 
"7^ nature 
& — hark 
c^ — ° seeker 
C7^ — ° shaker 
^ — o weaker 
"^ thicker 
bicker 
^bigger 



£, 



^beggar 
'arduous 
sadder 
harpoon 




singer 
stoker 
J n striker 

electioneer 
^^ petitioner 

6- 7 purgation 

6- -f permission 



48 



Beers Shorthand 



u 


apparent 


g^- 


exert 


fi 


exertion 


£> 


concert 


-^ 


insert 




desert 



inscription 
V conscription 





r 



hasp 



scare 



harbor 



Writing Exercise 

1. The striker is eager to-bicker and barter with-the harbor 
director. 2. The embargo makes it harder to charter a barge 
for the cargo. 3. There are thirty ampere wires in-the park 
and-only a third that-much at-the car barns. 4. They confirm 
the appointment of-the petitioner as pharmacist at-the Fog- 
gerty Pharmacy. 5. If you-have an-opportunity it-would-be 
better to appear at-the establishment and-get a-description 
of-the furnace they-wish us to furnish this summer. 6. The 
editor in-the smoker is-the debtor-of-the-singer in-the parish. 

Reading Exercise 





>- <r 




NINTH LESSON 



COMPOUNDS 

§ 64. Hook Signs.— The following series of signs, 
each of which begins with a hook, are known as the 
R- and L-compounds: 



Pr 



? / ; 



Pi 



Bi 



Bl 



Di 



Kr (cr) Kl (cl) 



Gr 



Gl 



Fr 



Fl 



V 



Vr 



VI 



Thr 



Rem. Note that Fl and VI are written upward, and that 
Fr and Vr are written downward. The signs for Bl and PI 
have large hooks; all the others have small hooks. 



§ 65. 1. A hook sign is used when no vowel, or 
when an obscure vowel precedes the L or R\ 



& 



/ 



prayer 
blue 
^S? flakes 
^° try 
*r^ track 
c — ^"clatter 
t^^^ drear 



'gloom 
■^ g^e 



J 



clear 

free 

grow 



j grew 



-P glasses 




Note — The compounds TV and Dr are never employed when 

any vowel follows t or d. See \ 49, Rule 2, page 37. 

49 



50 



Beers Shorthand 






presses 



2. Since Vr and VI, never occur without an inter- 
vening vowel, they may be used with greater liberty, 
and Kl, Kr and Gr may be used with much freedom 
as regards the quality of the intervening vowel: 




e — 7 collapse 

J 

>£ version 




cornice 




§ 66. Tr Implied.— There are a few combinations 
in which it is not easy to write the Tr-compound. In 
such instances omit it and write the following portion 
of the outline under the preceding portion: 



2s^ extradition 
-2-~» exterior 



£f nitrate 
^f. mistrusts 



^1— detract -— ■ 
c 

o — distract <? 
— district 



iL- instruct -J* metric 

Note— Bis is sometimes shortened to Di, as in distract 



retract 

extremes 

distribute 



Beers Shorthand 



51 



§ 67. No distinction need be made in the size of 
circle vowels when written in a hook: 

<S^>/ evil ^ X? liable ^ gable 

able /^/dabbler c-^eL- crackle 



§ 68. Pinal I in ble-y, ful, cat, cle, pal and pie is 
omitted when it is inconvenient to form the hook : 



-7 




> 



double 

unable 

cheerful 

rumble 

scruple 



~7 



trouble 

troublesome 

careful 

crumble 

gargle 



9^ fiscal 

humble 
noble 



7 

<_-- 'J simple-y 
"•— =*/ notable 



§ 69. Drop m from impl and embl, and r from 
abt>r, acr, aggr, appr, egr. Express impr, together 
with any following vowel by the small circle, detached: 

C^S implant 



across 



cL-/ n apprehension 
A abridge 

' oj impress 

9 
v. -" extreme 

^~2_ restrict 



C J / ** acreage 

/* aggressive* 
° p imprecation 
v — ~ ,. intricacy 
^/_^ patron 



/ p implication 

a ^egress 

°/ impression 
J. approach 
oy petrify 
I) putrefy 



* Final syllable sive is expressed by Si. 



52 



cr 



7 

) 
I 
/ 

; 



-° agriculture-al 
- again 

apply, appliance 

appropriate-ion 

belong 

bring, brief 

brought, brother 

build-ing 
calculate-ion 



Beers Shorthand 
Word-Signs 

c ~o claim 

c collect 

c — correct 
<^^ draft 
<2 — equal-ly 
<s - — o equality 



y from 
c^ fill, full 

o S lad 



clay 

c O glare 

c -x glove 

<- p classes 
e— ^ closes 

c > claw 

c 7 globe 



Additional Exercise 

< , c_j — f 9 crackers 
frightful 
muffle 




toggle 

<z ^y/ driver 



gorgeous 



, — 2O rc bel 

' s? grease 
<r~ train 




•> glory 

. great 

guilt 

/ principle-pal 

./_- proper-ly. 

/ prudence-t 

f through 

<^ truth 

— ^ value 



scuffle 




c — f crisis 
-^- o frugal 



Beers Shorthand 



53 




^7 



^ 
<? 




trick 

clod 

drab 

dredge 

dray 

drop 

dross 

flower 

shoveled 

crucial 

flown 

flew 

bluff 

plunge 

trash 

trophy 

tribe 

blush 








drama 



creep ^o fl ec * 

tremble £ abler 

flee, flea [^flylJL- .-frolic 






flag 

imprint 
emblem 
impractical 
£ — » implore 
Z-^P apprentice 
approve 
imprudent 
aggress 



y 3 aggression 



CT7 



imprison 



extraction 



^^- nitric 

/ nitrogen 

^"3 restriction 

C7 — extract 

^"^ ) distrusts 

*^ introduce 

C?C^ patriot 

9 

. — < extraneous 

retrieve 



54 



Beers Shorthand 



Writing Exercise 

1. We-are unable to determine the cause-of-the-trouble. 2. A 
careful driver had a frightful experience when-he took the load 
of clay to-the train*. 3. You-may distribute the papers in-your 
district. .4. Your claim may-be correct but it-has-not-been 
made out properly. 5. An appropriation should-be made for 
improving-the main tracks. 6. We-shall-be glad to-fill in the 
draft. 7. The prudent patriot saluted the flag. 8. A brother- 
of-the-principal preacher will travel from Greely to Clifton in 
a double-seated trap. 9. I-declare that my apprehension may 
impress Frederick. 10. We implore you to-be more practical 
and avoid bringing in extraneous details. Green grass grows. 



Reading Exercise 



/ 






"7* 



J , 



£t* 



( rf- 



J 



tf~ 







S^ 



TENTH LESSON 



MODES OF EXPRESSING D AND T 

§ 71. The Loop. — 1. A small final loop made on 
the inside of curves and on straight strokes with the 
forward movement adds dor t. A small hook adds s 
and a small circle adds final y: 



J—~^ fault 
A- — ^ faulty 
A—^ faults 



^ ^^ aimed 

shaft 
tempt 



x 



c Q ^ ^ z? schemed 

y shift 



roam 



ed 



Rem. 1. This loop should be about one-third the length of 
the stroke upon which it is formed. 

Rem. 2. When T or D is preceded by an articulated vowel 
the alphabetic sign is written. 

2. The loop is lengthened to add r, and ameter, 
imeter, ometer are expressed by a large loop on M: 




diameter 



^^=> 



sifter 



geometry 



o-^t^^> 



prompter 



tempters 



3. A large loop on M-d adds L 

<=^handle l-# bundle 



J/? fondle * ^^ mant 

Ram. A loop can not be made on a tick or on a vowel 

55 



56 



Beers Shorthand 
THE LOOP IN PHRASING 



72. A loop at the beginning of a stroke expresses 
to. A reversed loop expresses to the. The small final 
loop adds it or the; the long loop adds their or there: 



( n to which 
,/ to have 

/ to hope 

<=? to go 

^\n tO do 

^- to begin 

( ^ to advantage 
to be 

on which it is 



/^^ to the party 
^ to the best 




to the good 
to the kind 
in it, in the 
to the different 
do it, do the 



r 

to turn 




6? % for it, for the 

have it, have the 

on it, on the 
Carefully note the distinctions in the following outlines: 



may there 
have their 
^/P not their 
to the 
in its 
to their 
for it is 
which it is 
do its 
have its 






did, debt 



doubt 




/ 



r> 



accept-ance 
attendance 
electric-ity 
endorse-ment 



Word-Signs 

— — Q gave 

^^fl identify 
identity 

occur-rence 



remit-tance 



popular-ity 



J society 
_^zz> sometime 

told 
f toward 



Beers Shorthand 



57 



OMISSION OF T 

§ 73. There are many instances where a final t 
may be dropped, but the student must restrict the 
use of the principle to words of three or more syl- 
lables and to the shorter words here presented. 

§ 74, Drop ate from the endings brate, berate, 
crate, cate, gate, late, mate, pate, vate, and ate from 
cute, tute: 




celebrate 
syndicate 


<=J 


-o segregate 

2# elaborate 
- ^ percolate 


cf ^ elevate 
tJL — execute 


intimate 


^ 


^^"^ destitute 



§ 75. Drop t from rate, sate, tate, trate, bute, met, 
ept, upt: 

o-"^ irritate 



attribute 




/ 



intercept 
adulterate ' — y retribution v — * — > — > incorrupt 

desecrate %^^, extinct ^^ " I disrepute 

Note — T is retained when prece'ded by two vowels: 

3^""* expiate^ '^ affiliate ^ yC conciliate 



emaciate 

76, T is usually dropped in final dent and tent: 

extend-t _ ^^ S accident v. j ./impudent 

G^>^ patent / ^~~T^^' occidental ^> * ^s resident 

distant • ^c^>^ incident ^^ decedent 



58 Beers Shorthand 

§ 77. Drop T from the following short words 

/ compete --* limit y habit <^v — ■ export 



7 



comi 



plete ^^""^ deputy 
-v — % corrupt ( J defunct 

i compute 5^<^ estate 



v -j import . — v report 

locate — r> narrate 



migrate. 



regret 



>f 



-^ indicate 

-^— - suffocate 
^^ hesitate 
#7 liberate 
intestate 
irrigate 
propagate 
vindicate 
desperate 
__ obligate 
/^/ n participate 
abrogate 




2£_ confiscate 




excavate 
deliberate 



Additional Exercise 





C_^ — compensate 
{/^° obliterate 



L persecute 

£? — prosecute 

JL^ succinct 

/ interrupt 

dividend 



aggregate 




Beers Shorthand 



59 



DERIVATIVE OUTLINES 

§ 78. Word-Signs.— In forming derivative out- 
lines of word-signs if the original outline does not 
contain the last consonant in the word it is some- 
times advisable to detach the added syllable in or- 
der to secure a distinctive outline: 



si-^ former 
0>^ favorite 



^^-^ 



governor 



receiver 



c^ 



favoritism 
believers 



§ 79. 1. The Past Tense form of regular-verb 
word- signs is denoted by a dot placed at the end of 
the outline. Compare ed and ing: 

2. The dot is used for ed when for any reason ed 
can not be otherwise conveniently expressed, Chang- 
ing N to blended nt forms a past-tense outline. 



//& participated 
judged 




<z^~ satisfied 
( changed 
lived 



■V 



screened 



clean* 



.gummed 
cleaned 



Rem. Experienced writers often omit the past-tense dot. 

§ 80. Colloquialisms are identified in shorthand 
as is done in print — by using the apostrophe: 

^ haven't c^ 



don't 



wasn't 



isn't 



/ 



she's 



60 Beers Shorthand 

Writing Exercise 

1. An adequate dividend will-be declared in June. 2. Do not 
interrupt the prosecutor for he may institute an action at law. 
3. The effort being- made to vindicate the illiterate surrogate 
is deliberate and indicates that they-do-not deprecate the tak- 
ing-of-the-estate. 4. Guilt of-the corrupt deputy is established. 

5. Litigation will not be tolerated by the Federal Institution. 

6. We accept the security and hope to-deliver the deed soon. 

7. We-hope to-serve you to-advantage. 8. After the note was 
endorsed he-came to-get-me to-iden.tify him so that he-cculd 
secure the remittance. 9. The former receiver influerced the 
judge when-he dined with him. 10. Do-not persecute when-you 
prosecute. 12. Several-of-the-men voted and they differed as- 
to-the way they should-mark the ballots. 13. Don't say that 
they haven't enough men to-go in-the-contest. 14. We-regret 
that we-are unable to-compute the aggregate sum needed. 



^<> 



Reading Exercise 




ELEVENTH LESSON 



LENGTHENED SIGNS 



82. The following signs are super-lengths 



Kn, Km, Gn Kin Krn, Krm Mn, Mm Ln, lent Nl 



Mnt, Mnd Bn, Pn Vn Nj, Nch Prf, Prv Rj, Rch 

Rem. The nj-sign is used when no vowel intervenes. The 
others embrace a short vowel. 



can 



many, 
money 

r u colony 



Examples 



^ man 




even 



provide 




§ 83. In writing words of two or more syllables 
the super lengths are used freely and little regard 
need be paid to the nature of the intervening vowel. 
Super-length M expresses -minate: 




municipal 
abominate 
acrimony 




62 



Beers Shorthand 



Additional Exercise 



^* 




35colonnade 
workman 



colonize 



Beers Shorthand 

COM, CON 

Exercise on the use of the dot: 



conservation 
*^"7 contortion 
consents 



63 




§ 84. When com or con is followed by a vowel, as 
in comedy, connive, the vowel must be written: 



commit 

comment 

commendation 



commission 



^^^ commodious 
Z 7 commotion 



%— ^ m commissary 
connive 
commute 



accommodate-ion 




Word-Signs 

o commercial 
p commerce 
communicate 
consequence-t " 
convenience-tc 



^ enlarge-mer' 

enlighten-ment 

human-ity 

knowledge 

someone 



64 



Beers Shorthand 



§ 85. As stated in § 33, Rale 3, com-n is often 
implied by nearness to the previous outline: 




will consider 
may compel 
aS the confession 
will contain 



" **) will conform 
(*c*S his consent 
^_^p the consignee 

some consolation 



§ 86. Experienced writers omit the dot from a 
few outlines of frequent occurrence: 




L 



connect 

condition-al 

combine 

continue 

consider-ate 



consideration 




§ 87. Contr- and counter are expressed by an in- 
clined tick in place of the dot: 



• 


^ controls 




contrary 
countercharge 


i- 


counterpart 


1 


contrition 


/^^ 


contradict 



L 



L. 



counteract 




contrite 


contributary 


J 


contrive 


uncontradicted 


/' *- 


— » controller 


counterpane 


/ — 


contract 


uncontrollable 


/-* 


contractor 


contrast 


/ 


contraction 



Beers Shorthand 65 

ELEVATED WORD-SIGNS 

§ 88. For greater facility or brevity, a few words 
are placed higher than the rest of the writing: 

c ^ ^-P -» ^ <r-^ 

alter enter entertain-ment explain, explanation extra give-n her 

high, eye length-en let, little market moral-ity never one, won or 

Si / ^ ^ , cJ / CS ^-J ^- 

over post quote-ation real science short under wonderful world 

Rem. The dotted line represents the writing line. When 
practicing-, no line need appear; simply elevate the sign to 
about the height of the Ch stroke. 

§ 89. Phrasing.— -1. If the first word of a phrase 
is one indicated by an elevated sign, place it at its usu- 
al elevation and join the others regardless of elevation: 

give me let us one act under which never have 

Rem. When never is phrased the vowel may be omitted. 

2. When the elevated sign is not the first part of a 
phrase no effort is made to elevate it: 



I never said may give it was given 

Rem. 1. The sign for or, being a dot, can not be phrased. 

Rem. 2. The words expressed by elevated signs are such 
as usually begin phrases; they seldom follow in a phrase. 



66 Beers Shorthand 

§ 90. In forming a derivative elevated outline the 
root outline should retain its usual elevation: 



2. 



<r~> 



forgive-n herself reentered unaltered unentertainingly 



Writing Exercise 

1. Please convey my congratulations to-the commissary. 
2. The contractor who has the contract may contrive to control 
my contribution. 3. I-have great confidence in-the company 
and shall continue to work for-the concern. 4. We believe in- 
the conservation of energy. 5. You-must-have sufficient proof 
in-order to summons the dangerous criminal. 6. Conrad Sul- 
livan came from Canada to-act as Manager for-the Lansing- 
Terminal. 7. Our government will pension the wounded men. 




TWELFTH LESSON 



NATURAL ABBREVIATIONS 

§ 92. Under this head belongs that class of words 
a longhand writer would naturally abbreviate if he 
were crowded beyond his ability to write the matter 
in full, such as pain for pamphlet] ans for answer; 
dilap for dilapidate; negent for negligent; gentian for 
generation. Outside of a few frequently used w^ords 
this method of abbreviation should not be applied to 
words of less than three syllables, nor in any 
event where the resultant outline would not contain 
at least two consonant signs: 

This phase of abbreviation is covered more spe- 
cifically by the following rules for 

Contracting Outlines by Apocopation and Syncopation 

1. Omit ence from ference; ence and ent from ndence-ndent; 
7i from nent, cient, tient: 

f J deference ^^L^^ dependent 

^-—, conference "-^ component 

2. Final s and cy, following N, are frequently omitted. 
This omission is not made when writing the plural forms: 

radiancy f ^S defenses ^ / exigency 

audience c_J2___-< finances ^ — aberrancy 
67 






68 Beers Shorthand 

3. Ive is often shortened to i when preceded by s or ct: 
^^^ conducive * p ^ q instructive U excessive 

^~^ intensive y abusive & adhesive 

Rem. Iv3 added to a word-sign, as collective, objective, should 
be expressed by a detached V. See § 78. 

4. Omit d from adj, gade, grade, cede, and elude: 

Cr adjacent L-^ adjourn ^-^_p renegade 

«£!_, exclude s -^ c — =» include o> concede 

c 7 

-"^""^ degrade s^ degradation * — *-—=> inclusive 

5. Omit k from factor, faction, fie, diction, duction, and p 
from scape and scope: 




benefactor /^ terrific. 



dictionary^ 



stupefaction 




morbific /^^benediction 



jriicroscope 
landscape 



6. Tect, sect, and duct; expressed by detaching T, S, or D: 

detect detector , J^ 

detectible ^<^ 



^ detective ^ 

^' detects ^ detection 

7. Ect is omitted in the ending ject: 



seductive 
deduct 



dissect 



*~yr f inject 



subject 



project 
L^^ dejectedly 



/ object 



objection 



Beers Shorthand 



69 



Note — The outline for object is varied to avoid a possible 
conflict with subject. 

8. Omit m from cism; It from suit; T is dropped from idi- 
ty. Omit w from quest, quire, quence-quent, and quisite: 



CL-/' cynicism ^— -g result 

~^y^ witticism c consult 

°^i^^ stupidity < _^^ validity 

J freq uence-t f timidity 



* — C inquest 
^ — f request 
> — ° acquire 
<? exult 



— ' — g 9 inquisitive 
__> — ° inquire-y 
.2—^ esquire 
•requisite 



9. The following- outlines are shortened in accordance with 
the Natural Principle of Abbreviation explained in \ 92. 




x? 



67 



7 



/ 



discrepancy 

economical 

enormous 

enumerate 

enthusiasm 

equivalent 

evaporate 

exaggerate 

exasperate 

exonerate 



exorbitance-t 



extemporary 



70 



Beers Shorthand 




Beers Shorthand 



71 




Ram. The general rule is to apply this method of abbre- 
viating outlines to words whose primitive form contains 
three or more syllables. Then in writing* a derivative form 
add to the primitive outline such sign or signs as will ex- 
press whatever was added to form the derivative word, as — 




manufacturer 
manufactory 



memorandum 

indignation 

methodism 




y 



material 

democracy 

abandonment 

characterizes 

answerable 



72 Beers Shorthand 

§93. W is dropped from the following outlines: 



squander quick 



square 



>etween °^ anguish 
liquidate £-"\ extinguish ~j" question / ^ bequeath c —y qualify 



Writing Exercise 

1. In-the absence of evidence the defense will-have to con- 
cede the request. 2. My-objectis to try to detect if-there is any 
validity in the claim. 3. At your request we-will acquire the 
requisite financial aid, sufficient to-meet any emergency. 4. He 
frequently appeared in-the audience as an advocate of-the ju- 
bilee celebration. 5. My observation lead me to think that-the 
manufacturer has-the privilege to-negotiate for-a metropoli- 
tan newspaper. -6. We-are making preparation for universal 
military training. 7. The victim was very reluctant to accuse 
the vice-president of gross negligence in-the manufactory. 



"7 



1~l 



Reading Exercise 



s 



~* s 



THIRTEENTH LESSON 



PREFIX SYLLABLES 
§ 95. Anta-e-i; expressed by the large circle: 



antagonize 



-f> antagonist 



£ anticipate 



antedate 



^ 



antimony 
antecede 



§ 96. Dis and mis,— 1. S is omitted whenever the 
resultant outline is one that can not be read for any 
conflicting word. When s is omitted the vowel is 
usually retained: 



^ 

-€>- 



discharge 



disband 




disturb-ance 
dismember 



— -f mi 



ismanage 
misnamed 



Note — In the following-, D expresses dis: 
s^^ disappoint-ment s^ disclose 

^ /& dispatch ^^^?disqualify 



disagree 
^"""^ / disable 



§ 97. Em and im; omit the vowel unless followed 
by a vowel or a second m. En and in; omit the vow- 
el unless followed by a vowel or a second n: 




image 
imagine 
a v ~^ p^ c ^mitate 




«-*-< 



immense 



inaccessible 




L 



^ — * incarnate 
inborn 



emit 



74 Beers Shorthand 

§ 98, Omit h from hyper, hiber, and hydro: 




hydrometer 
hydraulic 



6^-*zZZ? hypermeter 



hibernacle 




hyperbole 
hibernate 



§ 99. Magna-e-i; expressed by Ma; Mc, by M; 
multi, by M, detached: 




magnify 
magnetize 



/ 



multiple 



-G^ magnate 



— - — z McKinzie 
■^^McBride 



100. Detach N for non; T for trans: 

nonentity ^<l___-/ , transmission ^"S^"° transitory 

nondescript ^-g — transact ^^- {^"^translators 

nonresident ^<£ transpose ^Z> ^ translates 

§ 101. Indicate sub by S, detached when followed 
by a vowel; suppl, super and supre by sp, de- 
tached; expl, exper and expre by esp: 





r. 



subagent 
suburb 
supreme 
expurgate 



^ ft supplication 

V 

<T superficial 

G^ supplant 



explode 



§ 102. The word-signs for alter, enter (intro, in- 
ter), extra (exter) over, post, short, and under are em- 



Beers Shorthand 
ployed as prefix signs. Ent expresses intel 



75 



_-T7^ altercation ^r^rri^. intermission 

.^Z. _Z^ postal of. 



enterprise 



_ postage _ 



intercede intellect 

exterminate ^^r^_overvalue 



Note 

Y 



In many outlines these prefix signs are joined: 



understand _ _ _ nevertheless 



«S* 



_ understood undertook _ 

_ misunderstand _ _ undertake-n 

_ overtook __ overtake-n 



.underneath 
_ overdone 
-overhead 



overdue oversee 



overcome 



overload 






Word-Signs 

absolute f/ 
advertise-ment / 
among c 



efficient-ly 
efficiency 

follow-ing 






appreciate-ion 

arrange-ment 

arrive-al 

attentive 

attract-ion 

authority 



ignorance-t 

indifference-t 

like-ly 

might 

night 

quality 



record 



^ significance-t 

signify 

J. ■ — signature 

<C Q similar-ity 

<1—^^ standard 
/ strength-en 

C suggestion 

"v — v support 
territory 
tonight 



76 



Beers Shorthand 



Additional Exercise 




./- _ alterable 
6 



V 



superabundance shorter 

-superhuman shorten 

superscription _ _ 1 _ shortness 



Beers Shorthand 



77 



/ 



subsequent 



/Z subscription 




magnolia 
magniloquence-t 
magnesia 
magnanimous *" 
magnanimity 
^ J p) magnificence-t v 



intrusion 

interior 

interloper 

interval 

intrepidity 

interruption 

interpret 

interest 

interpose 

interchange 

intrigue 

intrude 

intrusive 

intrinsic 

internal 

intelligent 

^Advanced writers omit the hyphenated part of the outline. 



magnetic 
^< ) multifarious 
L^o multiformity 




-^P 



Writing Exercise 

1. We-do-not anticipate any antagonism on-the part-of-the- 
discharged subagent. 2. We-have sublet the home-of-the-mag- 
nate at a substantial advance to a nonresident who has-made 
money from-the manufacture of-a greatly improved magnet. 



78 



Beers Shorthand 



3. Our architect will make an arrangement to transact the 
business and undertake to induce the men to work overtime. 

4. During- intermission you should ask for an interview and 
intercede for the postal employee whose worth is under- 
rated and whose acts are not understood. 

5. He is an expert in the transmission of electrical energy 
to the suburbs. 

6. The overseer's altercation with the supervising architect 
made an alteration necessary. 

7. McClosky shall supplant McPherson who is now supreme 
in command of the intrepid and intractable intruders. 

8. I will hand my subscription to the dissipating postmaster. 



Reading Exercise 




a^I f , I, 



f 



FOURTEENTH LESSON 



COMPOUND PREFIXES 

§ 104. In many words com or con is preceded by 
one or more other syllables. The outlines for such 
words are formed by writing the portion that follows 
com-n very near, or partly under, the portion that 
precedes com-n, omitting the dot: 



A 


circumspect 


v ~2>^ 


7 incommodes 


~4 


recumbent 


/^— ; 


self-control 


^t 


disencumbers 


^ 


miscomputation 


~C 


incumbent 


^—6 


reconciliation 




uncircumspect 


V 


encompass 


-""£ 


decomposition 


-^ 


nonconformity 


'^l 


discompose 


^>- 


discontent 


» — 


^ intercommunication 
-^concomitant 


V 


> irreconcilable 




inconstant 


^>~^ 


unconcerned 


> 


preconception 



Remarks, (a) Decom is expressed by I); discom-n by £h*. 
(6) When coram is preceded by other syllables it is implied 
as if there were but one m; thus, commit is expressed by 
corn-dot plus i-T; and recommit should be expressed by I? for 
re, with i-T detached and placed partly under the jR-stroke; 
recommend, E plus a detached end. See incommodes, above. 

79 



80 



Beers Shorthand 



§ 105. Words beginning with com-n which are in- 
dicated by word-signs, form their derivatives in the 
same way as the words in the preceding exercise. 



') inconsistent 
a inconsistency 
discontinue 



unconditional 
inconsiderate 
unconsidered 



§ 106. When any other prefix- syllable is preced- 
ed by another syllable the two are joined: 




^y 




unmagnified 
un multiplied 
unsubdued 
unsubstantial 
unimagined 
. uninclined 
uninaccessible 
unrestrained 
unemotional 
reintroduction 
unintelligible 
indistinct 
incontrovertible 




*-&/ 



7 



<^-^ 



p _ uninstructed 
redistribution 
insubordination 
unpostmarked 
unselfish 
untransferable 
untransformed 
intransitive 
retransact 
unanticipated 



is 

- — ^"""^ redischarge 

-^ misinterpretation 



undiscriminating 



Beers Shorthand 



81 




-1 



/ 



7 



7 



r: 



^-^ 



unmistakable 


<*-/ 

> 


encounter 


subcontrary 


"^ 


nonintervention 


inexplicable 


ii- 


disinterest 


unimpressionable 


7 


unsuspected 


unencumbered 


unsuspicious 


inextricable 


misunderstand-ing 


unalterable 


y 


unabbreviated 


uncontradicted 


L^ 


-^reincarnation 



§ 107. Many outlines of compound words are 
formed by using word-signs as prefixes, or as 
affixes: 



— f anybody 
^L_7 nobody 

<- C i somebody 

/ J everybody 
cV— -e^somewhat 
^—^ within 
— — " wherein 
< ^~t— ' whereon 
O — ^ wherefore 
<3~X) whereas 






O^/ 




whereof 
whereat 
whereto 
whereby 
nowhere 
forever 



/ whoever 



wherever 

whatsoever 

also 



S^-, always 

/ byway 

V^_ away 

<f headway 

£/\. pathway 

c_— -i onward 

y forward 

P 

/ backward 

v—. wayward 

(P~^ outward 



82 



Beers Shorthand 



^7b 



T 




7 



reward 

betake 

retake 

partake 

become 

outcome 

income 

became > 

bygone 

before* 

inform 

reform 

deform 

assure 

censure 



« <r measure 

v_^£ insure-ance 




Z proclaim 

^-O exclaim 
•—~ < — f-j unclaimed 
hereto 
hereby 
a— ^_^, hereon 
<?— — herein 
<?~~& hereafter 
c^y heretofore 
.^"^^aepart 
<? output 

^ 7 outgoing 

S*~P> outrage 
( fi outside 
within 



§ 108. The following outlines are varied slight- 
ly in some particular: 




5 



anyone 
^ no one 
everyone 
however 



2 



whichever 
whenever 
whatever 
<^^ afternoon 



Beers Shorthand 



83 



< ^—z confectioner 
^^^ confederate 
r f- — compact 
is ^ complacency 




Additional Exercise 

(Applying to prefixes in general) 

^7 transition 

<^7~, transportation 
matrimony 
self-improvement 
self-evident 
commissioner 
comedian 
/ ^ petroleum 

tr-£ irregular-ity 

impracticable 
. insignificance-t 





Note— The dot may also express cam-, as in— 

Q^ campaign / campus J^, camphor .«*-—£> camera 



Writing Exercise 

1. Someone has said that an educated person is one who 
knows something- of everything- and everything- of something-. 

2. Truth is as impossihle to be soiled by any outward touch 
as the sunbeam. 3. Better to go forward than backward. 

4. Their heads sometimes so little that there is no room for 
wit, sometimes so lon^ that there is no wit for so much room. 



84 



Beers Shorthand 



5. When bad men combine the good must associate; else 
they will fall, one by one, an unpitied sacrifice, in a contempt- 
ible struggle. 

6. They see nothing wrong in the rule that to the victors be- 
long the spoils of the enemy. 

7. I am uninclined to think that anybody knows nobody, or 
everybody, but each and all know somebody. 

8. Wherever you go and whatever you do, be sure you do 
what is right and thereby escape unmeasured censure. 

9. In his declamation he made the declaration that the earth 
travels around the sun and will continue to do so forever. 

10. It is an outrage that the superior output is decomposed. 



Reading Exercise 



j 



<^ 




2 



I 



o . / 




/- 




^ 



^ / 



FIFTEENTH LESSON 



TERMINATIONS 

Note: In this lesson and the one following, the 
formation of derivative outlines is illustrated ful- 
ly among the outlines presented. 

§ 110. 1. Ality, elity, ility, etc., are expressed 
by detaching the preceding consonant: 

C?/ ability -— -5 locality _^ municipality 

o£^^ fidelity o<__-- finality c^^ fatality 

A — » plurality ^ / illiberality c^i^ 3 fatalities 

2. Arity, erity, etc., are indicated by the preced- 
ing consonant, plus the first vowel: 



T 



majority < ^^ vulgarity 




hilarity >- ^'solidarity ^"£7 disparity 




§ 111. Anity, enity, inity, imity, mnity, der- 
nity, ternity; detach the first sign of the ending: 



divinity c —- _ ^ calamity c— - - ^ calamitous 

°/^ eternity j. — ^Z^-^ solemnity ^y urbanity 

§ 112. Avity, evity, ivity are expressed by de- 
taching the first vowel in the termination: 



■^T,? gravity declivity c — gravitation 



brevity ^^^ ' declivitous c -ry^ gravitate 



85 



86 Beers Shorthand 

§ 113. Graph is expressed by G; gram, grim, 
and crum by super-length G: 




telcgraph-y ^ v* ^lithographer l telegram 

biographic J^* O photographical^— fulcrum , 

telegraphist £ paragraph <f- N _ ___ pilgrim 

§ 114. Acity, icity, osity; expressed by left-hand 

S, detached: 

—y capacity q^jl „ ^ animosity &<> ferocity 

Sf veracity v. -*^r mendacity <~^ y *' velocity 

§ 115. Astic, estic, istic, ostic; expressed by 
S and the preceding vowel: 

-^ anarchistic ^ sarcastic <^^> artistic 

domestic-ate ^ ~jS\ elastic C7~~? acrostic 

Rem. Advanced writers often join this termination: 

<T^^ drastic _£2 f> antagonistic ^ — /^maj estic 





§ 116. Logy, with any preceding vowel, is ex- 
pressed by J, detached. Lo expresses logue; 

<=J — / psychology v. ^^mythological Qs / analogy £ catalogue 

c^— / psychologic &j£ pathologist // apology/ — -^ prologue 
Rem. Advanced writers may join the logy terminations. 



Beers Shorthand 87 

§ 117. Ulate-ion, uate, ule, and ual, expressed 
by u: Following G, uate is written horizontally: 

^^ situate-ion c ^ graduate __//__ populate-ion 

L 

evacuatc-ion c ?- graduation c ~J globule 





o-^ attenuate-ion s -j manipulate-ion <-? — zP actually 

§ 118. Ural, ular, expressed by u, joined when 
following K; otherwise the u is detached: 



secular 

tabular / 

oracular 



Note — Detach U in "secular" to distinguish from "secure-ity." 

§ 119. Fulness and fication, expressed by P, de- 
tached. (Join Jication when it follows T): 

O^J artfulness // personification c- q ^/gratification 

c ^>J gracefulness c? ' edification - — ~fi^s ratification 



spectacular 


^~T 


mural 


plural 


u. 


vehicular 


oracularly 


% 


plurals 



yy peacefulness ^ amplification ^s/ J 



sanctification 



§ 120. Ness, expressed by N; less, by L; less- 
ness, by Ln; bleness, someness, and soever, by 

comma-S, detached: 

lateness ~^~ v -~ ^wireless a — - irksomeness 

hardness cl__^— — s homeless ^^^ tiresomeness 

thinness s ^ listlessness Q. -J? amiableness 

whosoever c^j whatsoever r^ ternbleness 




88 



Beers Shorthand 



CAUTION.— When ness follows a vowel, as in readiness, or 
forms a derivative word-sign, it should be written in full: 




-littleness 
■t ^goodness 



slowness 
c^ * handiness 



Additional Exercise 



A 



*~Sl 



-~0, 



1 



■I 



tS>/ 



docility 

brutality 

vitality 

rascality 

inability 

visibility 

utility 

frivolity 

durability 

liability 

humility 

nobility 

stability 

versatility 

agility 




posterity 
profanity 
enormity 




insanity 



Beers Shorthand 



89 



kuZ, i 



journalistic 



f gymnastic 

T~ generosity 



3 ) glorification 
diversification 




laughableness 



loathsomeness 



gruesomeness 



90 



Beers Shorthand 



Writing Exercise 

1. The telegrapher made an apology to the stenographer 
for the animosity and harshness expressed in his telegram. 

2. News has come by wireless that the anarchistic element 
is antagonistic to a majority of the rural population. 

3. A modification of the specifications is necessary in order 
to ensure the durability of the plant and overcome all liabil- 
ity of accidents or other calamity in the locality. 

4. His amiableness and gracefulness overcame the impres- 
sion created by his lateness, or tardiness, in coming. 

5. The gravity of the speech was accentuated by its brevity. 

6. The profanity heard in this vicinity is an enormity. 



Reading Exercise 



r*:. 7 




^6 -/ 



V • 



SIXTEENTH LESSON 



TERMINATIONS— Continued 

§ 128. Litic, matic, metic, notic, thatic, and 

similar endings, omit t: 

c —j skeptic " ^__P-— lunatic — C ^ — cosmetic 

^~i ^ — Arctic -— %. 9 — romantic <: — ^~ synthetic 



129. Ment is expressed by M: 



sentimentd^*^ — ""sentimentalism / ^ parliamen- 

S Parian 

sentiments c~S ^ sentimentalist ^^ClL_^ sedimentary 




sentimental aS* \ sentimentalists cs-^ ^s Cn ti me ntality 

Note — When ment follows a vowel, in words of two syl- 
lables, m should be detached to avoid possible conflict, as — 

^v^___^ foment .*- — Z^^ lament ^Z2— -* raiment 

*<1___^- fume "^ lamb ^ — <^ ^ ram 

c^ ^ foments ^— "vJo_^ lamentation g* ^ cementation 

§ 130. Advanced writers often drop ment, especial- 
ly when its addition makes a noun out of a verb: 

engage-ment Q ^ argue-ment 9^ assort-ment 

enact-ment \ assess-ment ' X^^ impede-iment 

J 

enlist-ment — ^ endow-ment / improve-ment 

91 




92 Beers Shorthand 

Q-~£ announce-ment *— 2>^ resent-ment l>^^ predicament 

^ nourish-ment a—f equip-ment U—f> punish-ment 

^_^ adjourn-ment ^ -f manage-ment J*""" excite-ment 





achieve-ment ^^ l detach-ment <= 3[ attach-ment 

require-ment ^y indict-ment settle-ment 



§ 124. Hood is expressed by u, elevated; cial, tial, 
by Sh; ship, by Sh, detached; tude, by T, detached: 



% girlhood — ■ ^-kinship ^7 official f v^_^" magnitude 

fy boyhood C*^^' hardship u — potential^ "\ '"altitude 

v —-manhood ^—°—f clerkship <i— /? initial < £)^ latitude 

/ bishop c yP glacial Jb partial / social 

Rem. Advanced writers may join the sign for 'ship.' 

125, Cious or tious, expressed by Shu, usually 
written downward: 



1 gracious ^__^ pernicious 7 propitious 

tenacious 6-^judicious ^JL- &-? meretricious 



<fc^ vicious <z s I, fractiou; 




Rem. (a) A preceding vowel is omitted unless its insertion 
makes a more facile outline, as in the outline for vicious. (6) 
Advanced writers may omit a following ness, as — 



cautiousness c^-~l efficaciousness <=>* ^ r vexatiousness 



Beers Shorthand 



93 



§ 126. Certain endings of outlines for cities and 
towns are shortened as follows: 



Greensburgh 



.^^/Titusville 
c -^) Clearfield ^^ Winchester 




Johnstown 

Johnston 

Boston 



Additional Exercise 




94 



Beers Shorthand 



Qo childhood 

brotherhood 

y** sisterhood 

livelihood 



/ 



a 




vj,/ 7 neighborhood 

C ° conscious 
,- fi — ■£ conscientious 
r delicious 

c— ' unconscious 

~^ spacious* 

' u y auspicious* 
^ ^ sagacious 

c — 6^/ creative . 

7 progressiveness 



township 
friendship 
guardianship 
partnership 
C^£ apprenticeship 



-C 



cohesiveness 



massiveness 



^- """"^conciliatory 

^^ 6 vindicatory 
^P - "^ vindictive 



valedictorv 




♦Occasionally it is better to write upward 8h tor stius, and 
in such instances the vowel is omitted. 



Beers Shorthand 



95 





unionism 



7 



t 
t 



acquaint-ance 

adhcre-nt 

agree-ment 

arbitrate 

authentic 

both 

child 

church 

common 



7 
I 



Word-Signs 

-f 9 correspond-ent 
_ country 

discount 
-v letter 

long 



place 
please 
positive-ly 
present 



) quiet 
"V" special 
?S sufficient-cy-ly 
v^_ swear, sworn 
S* tell, till 

testify 

vouch 

write, right 

young 



96 Beers Shorthand 

Writing Exercise 

1. All government, indeed every human benefit and enjoy- 
ment, every virtue, and every prudent act, is founded on com- 
promise and barter. 

2. After the adjournment the bishop asked the management 
to provide new equipment for the men in confinement as pun- 
ishment for their treatment of the men in the last enlistment. 

3. The skeptic and agnostic thought it romantic to watch 
the gigantic lunatic act so frantic and acrobatic. 

4. By judicious and efficacious action we can compel the per- 
nicious and fractious person to do meretricious work and be 
less loquacious and contentious. 

5. A trip from Rockport to Parkersburg and on to Nash- 
ville was a hardship in my boyhood days. 

6. The conductor declared to the porter that the trader had 
paid the fare from Decatur to Edmuston for the educator. 

7. Your attitude on social matters is an aggravation and 
derogatory to favorable progress. He is exceedingly abusive. 

Reading Exercise 



jj 




SEVENTEENTH LESSON 



PHRASING 

§ 135. When forming phrases the student should 
observe the following rules: 

1. Do not join more than four words in one 
outline; usually two or three. 

2. Do not form phrases that require the pen 
to go more than the length of a B-stroke from 
the writing line; or that contain more than 
three horizontal strokes. 

3. Join only such words as are connected in 
sense — never join words separated by a pause. 

4. Join only outlines that form good junctions. 
Watch the angles. Never form an obtuse one; 
they are not necessary in this system. 

§ 136. The great bulk of phrases is made up of 
the little, every-day words joined without changing 
their individual outlines, and phrasing may be re- 
duced to the following grammatical rules: 

(a) A pronoun in generally joined to a following- verb: 

it was 




we hope you may ^-^ it was not 

c will take s^* it has not 

97 



98 Beers Shorthand 

<2. -J? I may be 6^_^£? which you may 

9 I have said fzf^ 

Jo. n I must have so 

# n I will favoi g-^ 

gf^ I had * } 

~^^ we had * "J 

C7 






they are 
they do 
which is not 
he will have 
he will be 
he had. 
which may not 

(b) An auxiliary verb, with or without not, is usually 
joined to the principal verb: 

shall have J will have ^/ snou ^ no * ^ e 

I should have^~~" y will be given ~v — ^ we should not go 
0/ I shall go y^ xp may be expected J should be 

may not be d)*^/ I ^° believe c<^/ would be taken 

(c) A word that defines, modifies or limits is often joined 
to the word that is defined, modified or limited: 





r 



7 



great advantage 
no advantage 
good boy 



V- 



good business - 



some object 

Q / ^ as much as 

z^T get together 





little effort 
brave attempt 
as near as 



-JT (p an age ~ f\ k ci w ^" ,w * ^_^« 

<2^° sufficient difference ' several times <*^ 



/ go upon 

Very decisive 



Beers Shorthand 



99 



(d) Sometimes a common word is 'joined to a preceding 
verb : 




make no mistake 
take down 
come here 



U. 



permit us 
go on 
put in 



(e) An adverb or conjunction is frequently joined to a fol- 
lowing* word: 



^f^ as it has not 
6° as there 

as it has been 
P as his 

&-"^ as I do not 
& — ' as I know 




—jr because his 

2p if this is 

q-^ when shall 

1? if his 

_^» and his 

-? — ' there could 



(/) Prepositions are frequently joined to words that follow: 

on which 




<1 _y ? for my part 
in favor 



T 

? of which 

7 of the 

<—f on his 

j? of his 



Rem. In a very few cases with may be expressed by t, as in 
with which, in the above list. 




100 



Beers Shorthand 



§ 129. Omit from— to— when used in connection 
with repeated words, or contrasted words: 



^C^^ from day to day 

rs from time to time 

s^~Z—s from hour to hour 

ct-^__ from week to week 

/ / from place to place 




from light to dark 
from rich to poor, 
from good to bad 
from head to tail 
from top to bottom 



§ 130. Modified Forms.— Any portion of a word 
that will naturally be suggested by the phrase-out- 
line may be omitted to secure a better outline, as — 

(a) Dropping the vowel from ago, by, could, few, 
my, iveek: 



£2. 



^ 



(a) few days ago g/ past week 
year(s) ago 
could change 



C2- 



T 

— j could put 




my agreement 
my signature 
my address 
could charge 



(b) (Unjable, following be, been, not, or are; and 
6ftcm, folio wing adverbs of comparison, expressed by a: 

^ -^may be able ^^/^ would be unable 

<7_J/ nnt ahl* ^-^tighter than 



t-*y not able 

are unable 
be able 



c ^ sooner than 

<&*~~£) easier than 




Beers Shorthand 



101 



(c) Beg, sometimes expressed by B; last, by La; 
next, by Ne; mail, by M: 




(d) Company, when part of a name, is expressed 
by K; ship sometimes expressed by Sh; department, 
by D: 



The Kress Co. 

Drake & Co. 



n- 



Mail Order Dep'1 
Insurance Dep't 
last shipment 
his shipment 



may ship" 
f should ship N 
Telephone Co. ^ ship the, 
a ^__ Electric Company^ »• I will ship 

(e) Has is regularly expressed by the large circle: 

s<D it has ^^ what has ^-^ nothing has 

s^ it has not <£7"~2> where has (o each has 

^ which has ^—P anything has v. ^ much has 

&S which has not <±~P when has 



6 so has 



§ 131. Between repeated words om\\> after and and, 




day after day 
week after week 
time after time 



^-y again and again 

b better and better 

2***^ cr ^deeper and deeper 



102 Beers Shorthand 

§ 132. When phrased how may be expressed by 
either oh; -sign, writing the one that unites with an- 
other sign with the greater facility: 



$ 



how many f*~ £> how large 

^ how was ^ jr how much ^V^ ^ow * on £ 

6^ — ■> how could tP^~ how do you know <P- > how will 




Writing Exercise 

Gentlemen: 

Answering your letter of the 21st, we have sent tracer af- 
ter the car of cedar shingles which was shipped you on the 3d 
of June. We hope you will receive them without further delay. 

In your order for barb wire you do not specify the gauge 
size nor the method of transportation — whether by rail or by 
water. Kindly advise us on these matters. Yours truly, 



j 



Reading Exercise 
2s* ? 




EIGHTEENTH LESSON 



ADVANCED PHRASING METHODS 



§142. Omission of Words.— 1. To may be omit- 
ted when following able, according, glad, like, or- 
der, ought, reference, regard, regret, said, seems, ivish: 



glad to do 




able to say 



with reference to 



<r~£———0 with regard to 




according to his 
said to be 
said to have 




2. Generally, any small connecting word may be 
omitted, provided the construction of the sentence 
is such as will require the restoration of the word 
when transcribing. Illustrated on the next page. 

103 



104 



Beers Shorthand 




on or about 
hand in hand 
some of them 
one or more 
on the subject 
for the time being 
S l ~~/ £? out of the question 

^> Q^vci the matter of 

o-^< one of the best 

9 v- ^ vsum and substance 
<r~ V° here and there 





§ 145. Early, and hour are sometimes expressed 
by the reversing principle (see § 55): 




early date 

at an early date 
07 at the earliest opportunity 
<a — j early call 
£ early opportunity 



/ 



<^ 



j> suggest our 

be our 
° signify our 
C2 at our 



^ 



take our 



§ 146. The reporter occasionally may derive ad- 
vantage by making use of the super-length princi- 



Beers Shorthand 



105 



pie to add been, own or not in writing such phrases 
as the following: 



have been ci 


^some one „ 


*i will not 


I have been ^ 


the same ones 


£) may not 


which have been / 


which onp 


j could not 


who have been w 


each one <f~ 


^ I will not 


have been able *■ 


'no one <= 


^ you could not 



§ 136. The reporter writes the comma-S or the 
S-hook for us, or it may be added to an outline 
ending in s by changing s to sus. See § 22. 



^—^^ J reduce 
OiJ face us 





give us 

<$y without us 
6~) with us 

which causes us 



r> 




deliver us 
allow us 
advise us 
J make us 



§ 137. Advantage is taken of the S-hook to add say: 

^ could say : S> will say ~^ ought to say 



s& to say 

(s> which say 




did say 

o na ^ to sa y 



-^p you can say 
they may say 



108 



Beers Shorthand 



§ 138. Intersections.— Special terms in any line 
of work may be expressed by very brief, intersect- 
ed outlines. Specific rules for their formation can 
not be given, but the examples below wil] show 
how it is done. The stenographer should compile 
a list of the oft-used terms employed in his or her 
line of work and devise intersected signs for them. 



/ 



/ 

A- 



*~fb Republican Party 
f Democratic Party 

/ Board of Directors 

Board of Trade 
bill of sale 
^—^-/? market price 
*/ Pennsylvania Railroad 

-/-Canadian Pacific 

judgment for the plaintiff 
judgment for the defendant 
f-^^ General Manager 



y- — first mortgage 

Note — The phrase list price was inadvertently omitted from 
the above engraving*. Write L intersected by P. 

§ 139. Initials should be written in "lower-case" 
longhand characters, joined: 



party of the first part 
party of the second part 
Chamber of Commerce 
bill of particulars 
insurance policy 

^ — -> price list 

X-A Federal Reserve Bank 



f. 





National Bank 
Division Sup t 
bond and mortgage 



^A. L. Flemming ^&& 



E. S. Kline 



Beers Shorthand 



107 



§ 140. Exercise on the implication of ing by plac- 
ing the outline of the following word in the mg-dot 
location. See § 36, Rule 3, page 28. 

f turning the 



/ 



s<>, 



going on 
going up 
taking the 
having a 
having the 
having you-r 
having their 
bringing the 
bringing a-n 
hearing the 
hearing you 
calling the 
calling you-r 
coming here 



claiming a 
__ claiming the 

collecting the 

: — 7 correcting the 
/ f applying the 
changing the 
changing you-r 
changing their 



t 

6 
6 



>^^ stating your 
^^p — — connecting the 
delivering the 






/ 

I, 
L 



turning your 
turning our 
dealing in 
dealing with 
delaying the 
occupying the 
putting the 
putting you-r 
willing to go 



delivering goods 



<zJ> 



ordering their 
ordering the 



• "£> liking the 

^^^ / drafting the 
// separating the 

selling goods 



Rem. It should be observed that where one word ends in 
ing and the next begins with com-n, as "having concluded/' 
neither ing nor com-n can be expressed by implication for there 
would be no way of determining which was implied. 

§ 141. In a few phrases of frequent use at may 
be expressed by the a circle. The other phrase- 



103 



Beers Shorthand 



outlines in the following list should be regarded as 
special outlines, and not as illustrating any general 
principle for the abbreviation of other phrase-signs. 







Q at first ^T -3 a * the rate of 
G^-^ at any rate^^5L___^at the same time 
not only O j Z? at some time 
as far as ^can not 



at least 

at last 

at length 

at all ^ 

at all events most likely ^/ for example 



Reading Exercise 
C IS — . 



<r 



j 



L. 



- L 



L 




-^■' 



y } 



^ 



NINETEENTH LESSON 



CONCLUDING INSTRUCTIONS 

§ 142. Numerals 1 to 11, both inclusive, should be 
written in shorthand. Above 11, the Arabic signs 
are usually the better to employ: 



one 

•**"* two 

<T° three 



X— > four 
five 
J—r six 



seven 



<j^ eight ) 



ten 
eleven 



nine 



ior 



§ 143. Decimals are expressed by small, "super- 
Omit the dash from fractions: 



figures. 

j <p 6 5 



12.65 



z 



2.5 



% 



3 % 



§ 144. Quantitative words when following a num 
ber, are recorded as follows: 



AZ 


twelve gallons 


a^v 


"> twelve million 


U 6 


twelve dollars 


•«/ 


twelve billion 


twelve bushels 


/2, - 


^ twelve miles 


twelve barrels 


&/ 


twelve pounds 


/iv 


twelve yards 


/jl; 


twelve feet 


/JLS 


twelve hundred 


/z* 


twelve o'clock 


7JL^ 


twelve thousand 


/ZS^ 


twelve hundred dollars 


/JlJ> 


twelve irancs 


/2r^ 


twelve thousand dollars 


/JLcS 


twelve cents 


109 


twelve rods 



110 Beers Shorthand 

§ 145. Street, Avenue, Boulevard, and Road, when 
used in addresses, are expressed by their initials: 




-0 cs~^ ^-^V 

Tenth Ave. Boston Rd Grant Boul. 



§ 146. When a straight stroke begins with a hook 
or circle on the under side, a following S-hook should 
be turned on the upper side to preserve "balance." 
Al in shunal may be reversed for the same reason: 

^J. ^ figs ^ -> r> rags c? z> eggs *~£ irrational 

(J^^ aids ^- ^-^ laxity ^ -^ "> rigs %/ confessional 

§ 147. When adding s to word- signs that do not 
contain the last consonant of the root-word, be care- 
ful to preserve the exact appearance of the original 
outline so as to avoid confusion with other words: 

^^ takes ^^ tells £T7S arranges — -^ kinds 
^ likes ^^ differs rj theirs —f these 

^ b large . ^ largest . gs last 

— O car — 4? cars — /^ case 



§ 148. Always write a derivative outline in full 
if no greater effort is required than to do otherwise: 

< — > write; for writer ,- — #^~ is better than , — » , 

y translates; for translators^: K^ zs oe ^ er than^- — ^^ 



Beers Shorthand 111 

§ 149. When forming plurals of monosyllabic 
outlines ending in s, and from which a final t has 
been dropped, repeat the s-sign: 



^-f nest ^-r test ^-^ rest ^ fr last 

^~-f nests ^f tests ^ rests ^^~Q lasts 

S 150. S may be written upward before M and N: 

_£ -^ same S^-^^ 7 sanitation "^/ sandbagger 

Q ^ sample ^Q sandpaper _£ ^ semicircle 

oV -^ example P^S^ sandwich _Q—- £ sanitary 

Note — This way of writing S will cause no confusion with 
Th. If read as Th the effect is the same as a person lisping, 
as, "I got thanitary thamples," for "I got sanitary samples." 
Further, there is no objection to writing S upward after R and L. 

§ 151. So that any vowel sound may be recorded 
the following additional precision marks are provided: 



Batton 

Baton 

Boone 



z 





§ 152. A precision mark may be written to re- 
cord an omitted vowel: 

A =-> Saul -^ R °PP /—A Poole ^-^ Chal. 

2^ Foote ^Z^ Rowan Cjl^ chalks <^7 Krupp 

i — -> Hawkes - — 6^ Rowen C-^ chokes cJ^ awful 



112 Beers Shorthand 

§ 153. If it should ever become necessary to dis- 
tinguish the sound of th in breath from th in breathe, 
make a heavy sign for the latter. The same method 
is used to distinguish the sound of zh in glazier from 
that of sh in glacier: 



lacier 



-f glazier 




cy face 
Q/ pha: 



§ 154. The plural of shun may be expressed by 
changing Sh into a small loop: 

Q -ft emotions c— ^ corrections 

l^—^P portions <—* collections 

§ 155. Slightly inclining K downward adds t, and 
inclining G addsd: 

<i-^ flagged <^^ tract «_. Q^ cracked c_- ^— sneaked 
o^ picked C- jugged ( yC^ packed <r ^ smoked 

Rem. If preferred, the past-tense dot (see Section 79) may 
be used in place of this expedient. 

§ 156. Proper names composed almost entirely 
of vowels, are expressed by precision marks, thus: 

Oahu Aea Aeae Aeaea Ayah 

§ 157. When the first half of a compound word 
ends in a vowel, and the second part begins with a 



Beers Shorthand 



113 



vowel or H; or when the first part ends in D or T 

and the second part begins with G, K, or L, it is 

•better to break the outline into two sections, thus: 



sea-urchin 



*•> 



c o 

greyhound 



nightcap 



^7 



6 



? 



Days of the Week, Etc. 

Monday <0 Thursday 

Tuesday «t Friday 

Wednesday cy^T Saturday 

Months of the Year 



January 
February 
March 
April 



~? 



May 
June 
July 
August 



K 



headgear 





September 
October 
November 
December 




Contractions 

^^ dwell 

• — < — inclose 
v____^7 importance-t 






influence 
influential 
interfere-nce 

information 



percentage 
perform 
p perpetuate 
Z-^ physical 
C^ punctuality 
— a-^ quantity 



114 



Beers Shorthand 
Reading Exercise 



(Extract from Lincoln's Second Inaugural Address) 
2J ^ ^ I . J ^ K^ V, ■ S s- v. 



'■J 



1 



<f 







SUPPLEMENTARY LESSON 



GENERAL EXERCISE 



t 



abrupt 
abscond 
absorb 
absurd -ity 
accompany 
accordance 
accord-ing 
cr-rL__—-' accumulate 
cr -f acquisition 

O ^s advancement 

fo '/ adverse 



J 



"7 



advice, advise 

against 

along 



<jo applicant 

<2 application 

9/ apprehend 

y approval 

t& ** approximate 

/-> .X architect 
^^y ascertain 

assemblage 
assembly 
^-^ ' assert 
£, assertion 

^ assist-ance 

p association 



ambition 

ambitious 

ancestor 
anniversary 
annual 
anxiety 



2_^y astonish-ment 
a^S attend 



2? 



bankruptcy 
beauty 

115 



/ 




7 



beheld 

behold 

beligerence-t 

builder 

candidate 

capitalist 

"7 

^ ? y carpenter 

<s ^O certify, 

certificate 

challenge 

chapter 

children 



circumstance 
circumstantial 

competitor 






a- 



2^y comprehend 
conservative 



*/ 



^7 



contemplate 
cooperate 
corroborate 
countenance 



116 



Beers Shorthand 

duplicate J^/ 




z 



<r 



v -t 



-r 



individual 

indolence-t 

induce-ment 

indulge 

industry-ial 

inherit-ance 

insistence-t 

intangible-ility 

integrity 

(indignity) 

intelligence 



Beers Shorthand 

kingdom / 




list 
lost 



machinery 




/ 
L 

/ 



mathematics o^-""^ 

meanwhile <= < 

mechanic ^7 



notwithstand- / 
ing 

number 



117 

obsolete 

obstinate 

office 
operate-ion 

parallel 
pecuniary 

penetrate 

perhaps 

permit 

perplex-ity 

persevere -ance 

persuade 

philosophy 

plan 

pleasant 
position 

possession 

predominate 

problem 

product 

proficient 



118 



Beers Shorthand 




Beers Shorthand 



119 



LAJRGE CITIES 



Kansas City 







'Minneapolis 
Nashville 
Newark 
New Haven 
New Orleans 
New York 
Oakland 
Omaha 
Paterson 
Grand Rapids^" £) Philadelphi 
Indianapolis &/ Pittsburgh 

Jersey City l^^ Portland 



la 




120 



Beers Shorthand 



STATES AND COLONIES 



— ^v Alabama 
Alaska 



cr-if 



-?& 






~-i 



Kansas 



Kentucky 
Louisiana 



„S±^ Maine c/ 

{? Massachusetts ^^^—^ 



■—? 




7 



Maryland 
Michigan 
Minnesota 
Mississippi 



Missouri 



Montana 



Nebraska 



2-0 



*-? 



Nevada cy/ \ 

ire>^ 



New Hampshire 



J 



New Jersey 
New Mexico 
New York ^7 

North Carolina 
North Dakota ^ 
Ohio 



Oklahoma 
Oregon 
Panama 
Pennsylvania 
Philippine Is. 
Porto Rico 
Rhode Island 
S. Carolina 
South Dakota 
Tennessee 
Texas 

United States 
Utah 
Vermont 
Virginia 
Virgin Is. 
Washington 
W. Virginia 
Wisconsin 
Wyoming 



^ 



^ 



mMm MMmmWmm 



liijiijn'ii.-ii .),!,, i 

Uuliiii 1 ^i.it f<ii(j 
MM" 'I'M 1 ' 

Hi BH 




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